Yehezkiel 25:1--48:35
Konteks25:1 The word of the Lord came to me: 25:2 “Son of man, turn toward 1 the Ammonites 2 and prophesy against them. 25:3 Say to the Ammonites, ‘Hear the word of the sovereign Lord: This is what the sovereign Lord says: You said “Aha!” about my sanctuary when it was desecrated, about the land of Israel when it was made desolate, and about the house of Judah when they went into exile. 25:4 So take note, 3 I am about to make you slaves of 4 the tribes 5 of the east. They will make camps among you and pitch their tents among you. They will eat your fruit and drink your milk. 25:5 I will make Rabbah a pasture for camels and Ammon 6 a resting place for sheep. Then you will know that I am the Lord. 25:6 For this is what the sovereign Lord says: Because you clapped your hands, stamped your feet, and rejoiced with intense scorn 7 over the land of Israel, 25:7 take note, I have stretched out my hand against you, and I will hand you over as plunder 8 to the nations. I will cut you off from the peoples and make you perish from the lands. I will destroy you; then you will know that I am the Lord.’”
25:8 “This is what the sovereign Lord says: ‘Moab 9 and Seir say, “Look, the house of Judah is like all the other nations.” 25:9 So look, I am about to open up Moab’s flank, 10 eliminating the cities, 11 including its frontier cities, 12 the beauty of the land – Beth Jeshimoth, Baal Meon, and Kiriathaim. 25:10 I will hand it over, 13 along with the Ammonites, 14 to the tribes 15 of the east, so that the Ammonites will no longer be remembered among the nations. 25:11 I will execute judgments against Moab. Then they will know that I am the Lord.’”
25:12 “This is what the sovereign Lord says: ‘Edom 16 has taken vengeance against the house of Judah; they have made themselves fully culpable 17 by taking vengeance 18 on them. 19 25:13 So this is what the sovereign Lord says: I will stretch out my hand against Edom, and I will kill the people and animals within her, 20 and I will make her desolate; from Teman to Dedan they will die 21 by the sword. 25:14 I will exact my vengeance upon Edom by the hand of my people Israel. They will carry out in Edom my anger and rage; they will experience 22 my vengeance, declares the sovereign Lord.’”
25:15 “This is what the sovereign Lord says: ‘The Philistines 23 have exacted merciless revenge, 24 showing intense scorn 25 in their effort to destroy Judah 26 with unrelenting hostility. 27 25:16 So this is what the sovereign Lord says: Take note, I am about to stretch out my hand against the Philistines. I will kill 28 the Cherethites 29 and destroy those who remain on the seacoast. 25:17 I will exact great vengeance upon them with angry rebukes. 30 Then they will know that I am the Lord, when I exact my vengeance upon them.’”
26:1 In the eleventh year, on the first day of the month, 31 the word of the Lord came to me: 26:2 “Son of man, because Tyre 32 has said about Jerusalem, 33 ‘Aha, the gateway of the peoples is broken; it has swung open to me. I will become rich, 34 now that she 35 has been destroyed,’ 26:3 therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, 36 I am against you, 37 O Tyre! I will bring up many nations against you, as the sea brings up its waves. 26:4 They will destroy the walls of Tyre and break down her towers. I will scrape her soil 38 from her and make her a bare rock. 26:5 She will be a place where fishing nets are spread, surrounded by the sea. For I have spoken, declares the sovereign Lord. She will become plunder for the nations, 26:6 and her daughters 39 who are in the field will be slaughtered by the sword. Then they will know that I am the Lord.
26:7 “For this is what the sovereign Lord says: Take note that 40 I am about to bring King Nebuchadrezzar 41 of Babylon, king of kings, against Tyre from the north, with horses, chariots, and horsemen, an army and hordes of people. 26:8 He will kill your daughters in the field with the sword. He will build a siege wall against you, erect a siege ramp against you, and raise a great shield against you. 26:9 He will direct the blows of his battering rams against your walls and tear down your towers with his weapons. 42 26:10 He will cover you with the dust kicked up by his many horses. 43 Your walls will shake from the noise of the horsemen, wheels, and chariots when he enters your gates like those who invade through a city’s broken walls. 44 26:11 With his horses’ hoofs he will trample all your streets. He will kill your people with the sword, and your strong pillars will tumble down to the ground. 26:12 They will steal your wealth and loot your merchandise. They will tear down your walls and destroy your luxurious 45 homes. Your stones, your trees, and your soil he will throw 46 into the water. 47 26:13 I will silence 48 the noise of your songs; the sound of your harps will be heard no more. 26:14 I will make you a bare rock; you will be a place where fishing nets are spread. You will never be built again, 49 for I, the Lord, have spoken, declares the sovereign Lord.
26:15 “This is what the sovereign Lord says to Tyre: Oh, how the coastlands will shake at the sound of your fall, when the wounded groan, at the massive slaughter in your midst! 26:16 All the princes of the sea will vacate 50 their thrones. They will remove their robes and strip off their embroidered clothes; they will clothe themselves with trembling. They will sit on the ground; they will tremble continually and be shocked at what has happened to you. 51 26:17 They will sing this lament over you: 52
“‘How you have perished – you have vanished 53 from the seas,
O renowned city, once mighty in the sea,
she and her inhabitants, who spread their terror! 54
26:18 Now the coastlands will tremble on the day of your fall;
the coastlands by the sea will be terrified by your passing.’ 55
26:19 “For this is what the sovereign Lord says: When I make you desolate like the uninhabited cities, when I bring up the deep over you and the surging 56 waters overwhelm you, 26:20 then I will bring you down to bygone people, 57 to be with those who descend to the pit. I will make you live in the lower parts of the earth, among 58 the primeval ruins, with those who descend to the pit, so that you will not be inhabited or stand 59 in the land of the living. 26:21 I will bring terrors on you, and you will be no more! Though you are sought after, you will never be found again, declares the sovereign Lord.”
27:1 The word of the Lord came to me: 27:2 “You, son of man, sing a lament for Tyre. 60 27:3 Say to Tyre, who sits at the entrance 61 of the sea, 62 merchant to the peoples on many coasts, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says:
“‘O Tyre, you have said, “I am perfectly beautiful.”
27:4 63 Your borders are in the heart of the seas;
your builders have perfected your beauty.
27:5 They crafted 64 all your planks out of fir trees from Senir; 65
they took a cedar from Lebanon to make your mast.
27:6 They made your oars from oaks of Bashan;
they made your deck 66 with cypresses 67 from the Kittean isles. 68
27:7 Fine linen from Egypt, woven with patterns, was used for your sail
to serve as your banner;
blue and purple from the coastlands of Elishah 69 was used for your deck’s awning.
27:8 The leaders 70 of Sidon 71 and Arvad 72 were your rowers;
your skilled 73 men, O Tyre, were your captains.
27:9 The elders of Gebal 74 and her skilled men were within you, mending cracks; 75
all the ships of the sea and their mariners were within you to trade for your merchandise. 76
27:10 Men of Persia, Lud, 77 and Put were in your army, men of war.
They hung shield and helmet on you; they gave you your splendor.
27:11 The Arvadites 78 joined your army on your walls all around,
and the Gammadites 79 were in your towers.
They hung their quivers 80 on your walls all around;
they perfected your beauty.
27:12 “‘Tarshish 81 was your trade partner because of your abundant wealth; they exchanged silver, iron, tin, and lead for your products. 27:13 Javan, Tubal, and Meshech were your clients; they exchanged slaves and bronze items for your merchandise. 27:14 Beth Togarmah exchanged horses, chargers, 82 and mules for your products. 27:15 The Dedanites 83 were your clients. Many coastlands were your customers; they paid 84 you with ivory tusks and ebony. 27:16 Edom 85 was your trade partner because of the abundance of your goods; they exchanged turquoise, purple, embroidered work, fine linen, coral, and rubies for your products. 27:17 Judah and the land of Israel were your clients; they traded wheat from Minnith, 86 millet, honey, olive oil, and balm for your merchandise. 27:18 Damascus was your trade partner because of the abundance of your goods and of all your wealth: wine from Helbon, white wool from Zahar, 27:19 and casks of wine 87 from Izal 88 they exchanged for your products. Wrought iron, cassia, and sweet cane were among your merchandise. 27:20 Dedan was your client in saddlecloths for riding. 27:21 Arabia and all the princes of Kedar were your trade partners; for lambs, rams, and goats they traded with you. 27:22 The merchants of Sheba and Raamah engaged in trade with you; they traded the best kinds of spices along with precious stones and gold for your products. 27:23 Haran, Kanneh, Eden, merchants from Sheba, Asshur, and Kilmad were your clients. 27:24 They traded with you choice garments, purple clothes and embroidered work, and multicolored carpets, bound and reinforced with cords; these were among your merchandise. 27:25 The ships of Tarshish 89 were the transports for your merchandise.
“‘So you were filled and weighed down in the heart of the seas.
27:26 Your rowers have brought you into surging waters.
The east wind has wrecked you in the heart of the seas.
27:27 Your wealth, products, and merchandise, your sailors and captains,
your ship’s carpenters, 90 your merchants,
and all your fighting men within you,
along with all your crew who are in you,
will fall into the heart of the seas on the day of your downfall.
27:28 At the sound of your captains’ cry the waves will surge; 91
27:29 They will descend from their ships – all who handle the oar,
the sailors and all the sea captains – they will stand on the land.
27:30 They will lament loudly 92 over you and cry bitterly.
They will throw dust on their heads and roll in the ashes; 93
27:31 they will tear out their hair because of you and put on sackcloth,
and they will weep bitterly over you with intense mourning. 94
27:32 As they wail they will lament over you, chanting:
“Who was like Tyre, like a tower 95 in the midst of the sea?”
27:33 When your products went out from the seas,
you satisfied many peoples;
with the abundance of your wealth and merchandise
you enriched the kings of the earth.
27:34 Now you are wrecked by the seas, in the depths of the waters;
your merchandise and all your company have sunk 96 along with you. 97
27:35 All the inhabitants of the coastlands are shocked at you,
and their kings are horribly afraid – their faces are troubled.
27:36 The traders among the peoples hiss at you;
you have become a horror, and will be no more.’”
28:1 The word of the Lord came to me: 28:2 “Son of man, say to the prince 98 of Tyre, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says:
“‘Your heart is proud 99 and you said, “I am a god; 100
I sit in the seat of gods, in the heart of the seas” –
yet you are a man and not a god,
though you think you are godlike. 101
28:3 Look, you are wiser than Daniel; 102
no secret is hidden from you. 103
28:4 By your wisdom and understanding you have gained wealth for yourself;
you have amassed gold and silver in your treasuries.
28:5 By your great skill 104 in trade you have increased your wealth,
and your heart is proud because of your wealth.
28:6 “‘Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says:
Because you think you are godlike, 105
28:7 I am about to bring foreigners 106 against you, the most terrifying of nations.
They will draw their swords against the grandeur made by your wisdom, 107
and they will defile your splendor.
28:8 They will bring you down to the pit, and you will die violently 108 in the heart of the seas.
28:9 Will you still say, “I am a god,” before the one who kills you –
though you are a man and not a god –
when you are in the power of those who wound you?
28:10 You will die the death of the uncircumcised 109 by the hand of foreigners;
for I have spoken, declares the sovereign Lord.’”
28:11 The word of the Lord came to me: 28:12 “Son of man, sing 110 a lament for the king of Tyre, and say to him, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says:
“‘You were the sealer 111 of perfection,
full of wisdom, and perfect in beauty.
28:13 You were in Eden, the garden of God. 112
Every precious stone was your covering,
the ruby, topaz, and emerald,
the chrysolite, onyx, and jasper,
the sapphire, turquoise, and beryl; 113
your settings and mounts were made of gold.
On the day you were created they were prepared.
28:14 I placed you there with an anointed 114 guardian 115 cherub; 116
you were on the holy mountain of God;
you walked about amidst fiery stones.
28:15 You were blameless in your behavior 117 from the day you were created,
until sin was discovered in you.
28:16 In the abundance of your trade you were filled with violence, 118 and you sinned;
so I defiled you and banished you 119 from the mountain of God –
the guardian cherub expelled you 120 from the midst of the stones of fire.
28:17 Your heart was proud because of your beauty;
you corrupted your wisdom on account of your splendor.
I threw you down to the ground;
I placed you before kings, that they might see you.
28:18 By the multitude of your iniquities, through the sinfulness of your trade,
you desecrated your sanctuaries.
So I drew fire out from within you;
it consumed you,
and I turned you to ashes on the earth
before the eyes of all who saw you.
28:19 All who know you among the peoples are shocked at you;
you have become terrified and will be no more.’”
28:20 The word of the Lord came to me: 28:21 “Son of man, turn toward 121 Sidon 122 and prophesy against it. 28:22 Say, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says:
“‘Look, I am against you, 123 Sidon,
and I will magnify myself in your midst.
Then they will know that I am the Lord
when I execute judgments on her
and reveal my sovereign power 124 in her.
28:23 I will send a plague into the city 125 and bloodshed into its streets;
the slain will fall within it, by the sword that attacks it 126 from every side.
Then they will know that I am the Lord.
28:24 “‘No longer will Israel suffer from the sharp briers 127 or painful thorns of all who surround and scorn them. 128 Then they will know that I am the sovereign Lord.
28:25 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: When I regather the house of Israel from the peoples where they are dispersed, I will reveal my sovereign power 129 over them in the sight of the nations, and they will live in their land that I gave to my servant Jacob. 28:26 They will live securely in it; they will build houses and plant vineyards. They will live securely 130 when I execute my judgments on all those who scorn them and surround them. Then they will know that I am the Lord their God.’”
29:1 In the tenth year, in the tenth month, on the twelfth day of the month, 131 the word of the Lord came to me: 29:2 “Son of man, turn toward 132 Pharaoh king of Egypt, and prophesy against him and against all Egypt. 29:3 Tell them, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says:
“‘Look, I am against 133 you, Pharaoh king of Egypt,
the great monster 134 lying in the midst of its waterways,
who has said, “My Nile is my own, I made it for myself.” 135
29:4 I will put hooks in your jaws
and stick the fish of your waterways to your scales.
I will haul you up from the midst of your waterways,
and all the fish of your waterways will stick to your scales.
29:5 I will leave you in the wilderness,
you and all the fish of your waterways;
you will fall in the open field and will not be gathered up or collected. 136
I have given you as food to the beasts of the earth and the birds of the skies.
29:6 Then all those living in Egypt will know that I am the Lord
because they were a reed staff 137 for the house of Israel;
29:7 when they grasped you with their hand, 138 you broke and tore 139 their shoulders,
and when they leaned on you, you splintered and caused their legs to be unsteady. 140
29:8 “‘Therefore, this is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to bring a sword against you, and I will kill 141 every person and every animal. 29:9 The land of Egypt will become a desolate ruin. Then they will know that I am the Lord.
Because he said, “The Nile is mine and I made it,” 29:10 I am against 142 you and your waterways. I will turn the land of Egypt into an utter desolate ruin from Migdol 143 to Syene, 144 as far as the border with Ethiopia. 29:11 No human foot will pass through it, and no animal’s foot will pass through it; it will be uninhabited for forty years. 29:12 I will turn the land of Egypt into a desolation in the midst of desolate lands; for forty years her cities will lie desolate in the midst of ruined cities. I will scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them among foreign countries.
29:13 “‘For this is what the sovereign Lord says: At the end of forty years 145 I will gather Egypt from the peoples where they were scattered. 29:14 I will restore the fortunes of Egypt, and will bring them back 146 to the land of Pathros, to the land of their origin; there they will be an insignificant kingdom. 29:15 It will be the most insignificant of the kingdoms; it will never again exalt itself over the nations. I will make them so small that they will not rule over the nations. 29:16 It will never again be Israel’s source of confidence, but a reminder of how they sinned by turning to Egypt for help. 147 Then they will know that I am the sovereign Lord.’”
29:17 In the twenty-seventh year, in the first month, on the first day of the month, 148 the word of the Lord came to me: 29:18 “Son of man, King Nebuchadrezzar 149 of Babylon made his army labor hard against Tyre. 150 Every head was rubbed bald and every shoulder rubbed bare; yet he and his army received no wages from Tyre for the work he carried out against it. 29:19 Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to give the land of Egypt to King Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon. He will carry off her wealth, capture her loot, and seize her plunder; it will be his army’s wages. 29:20 I have given him the land of Egypt as his compensation for attacking Tyre 151 , because they did it for me, declares the sovereign Lord. 29:21 On that day I will make Israel powerful, 152 and I will give you the right to be heard 153 among them. Then they will know that I am the Lord.”
30:1 The word of the Lord came to me: 30:2 “Son of man, prophesy and say, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says:
“‘Wail, “Alas, the day is here!” 154
30:3 For the day is near,
the day of the Lord is near;
it will be a day of storm clouds, 155
it will be a time of judgment 156 for the nations.
30:4 A sword will come against Egypt
and panic will overtake Ethiopia
when the slain fall in Egypt
and they carry away her wealth
and dismantle her foundations.
30:5 Ethiopia, Put, Lud, all the foreigners, 157 Libya, and the people 158 of the covenant land 159 will die by the sword along with them.
30:6 “‘This is what the Lord says:
Egypt’s supporters will fall;
her confident pride will crumble. 160
From Migdol to Syene 161 they will die by the sword within her,
declares the sovereign Lord.
30:7 They will be desolate among desolate lands,
and their cities will be among ruined cities.
30:8 They will know that I am the Lord
when I ignite a fire in Egypt
and all her allies are defeated. 162
30:9 On that day messengers will go out from me in ships to frighten overly confident Ethiopia; panic will overtake them on the day of Egypt’s doom; 163 for beware – it is coming!
30:10 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says:
I will put an end to the hordes of Egypt,
by the hand of King Nebuchadrezzar 164 of Babylon.
30:11 He and his people with him,
the most terrifying of the nations, 165
will be brought there to destroy the land.
They will draw their swords against Egypt,
and fill the land with corpses.
30:12 I will dry up the waterways
and hand the land over to 166 evil men.
I will make the land and everything in it desolate by the hand of foreigners.
I, the Lord, have spoken!
30:13 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says:
I will destroy the idols,
and put an end to the gods of Memphis.
There will no longer be a prince from the land of Egypt;
so I will make the land of Egypt fearful. 167
30:14 I will desolate Pathros,
I will ignite a fire in Zoan,
and I will execute judgments on Thebes.
30:15 I will pour out my anger upon Pelusium, 168
the stronghold of Egypt;
I will cut off 169 the hordes of Thebes.
30:16 I will ignite a fire in Egypt;
Syene 170 will writhe in agony,
Thebes will be broken down,
and Memphis will face enemies every day.
30:17 The young men of On and of Pi-beseth 171 will die by the sword;
and the cities will go 172 into captivity.
30:18 In Tahpanhes the day will be dark 173
when I break the yoke of Egypt there.
Her confident pride will cease within her;
a cloud will cover her, and her daughters will go into captivity.
30:19 I will execute judgments on Egypt.
Then they will know that I am the Lord.’”
30:20 In the eleventh year, in the first month, on the seventh day of the month, 174 the word of the Lord came to me: 30:21 “Son of man, I have broken the arm 175 of Pharaoh king of Egypt. 176 Look, it has not been bandaged for healing or set with a dressing so that it might become strong enough to grasp a sword. 30:22 Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, 177 I am against 178 Pharaoh king of Egypt, and I will break his arms, the strong arm and the broken one, and I will make the sword drop from his hand. 30:23 I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations, and disperse them among foreign countries. 30:24 I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon, and I will place my sword in his hand, but I will break the arms of Pharaoh, and he will groan like the fatally wounded before the king of Babylon. 179 30:25 I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon, but the arms of Pharaoh will fall limp. Then they will know that I am the Lord when I place my sword in the hand of the king of Babylon and he extends it against the land of Egypt. 30:26 I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations and disperse them among foreign countries. Then they will know that I am the Lord.”
31:1 In the eleventh year, in the third month, on the first day of the month, 180 the word of the Lord came to me: 31:2 “Son of man, say to Pharaoh king of Egypt and his hordes:
“‘Who are you like in your greatness?
31:3 Consider Assyria, 181 a cedar in Lebanon, 182
with beautiful branches, like a forest giving shade,
and extremely tall;
its top reached into the clouds.
31:4 The water made it grow;
underground springs made it grow tall.
Rivers flowed all around the place it was planted,
while smaller channels watered all the trees of the field. 183
31:5 Therefore it grew taller than all the trees of the field;
its boughs grew large and its branches grew long,
because of the plentiful water in its shoots. 184
31:6 All the birds of the sky nested in its boughs;
under its branches all the beasts of the field gave birth,
in its shade all the great 185 nations lived.
31:7 It was beautiful in its loftiness, in the length of its branches;
for its roots went down deep to plentiful waters.
31:8 The cedars in the garden of God could not eclipse it,
nor could the fir trees 186 match its boughs;
the plane trees were as nothing compared to its branches;
no tree in the garden of God could rival its beauty.
31:9 I made it beautiful with its many branches;
all the trees of Eden, in the garden of God, envied it.
31:10 “‘Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: Because it was tall in stature, and its top reached into the clouds, and it was proud of its height, 31:11 I gave it over to the leader of the nations. He has judged it thoroughly, 187 as its sinfulness deserves. I have thrown it out. 31:12 Foreigners from the most terrifying nations have cut it down and left it to lie there on the mountains. In all the valleys its branches have fallen, and its boughs lie broken in the ravines of the land. All the peoples of the land 188 have departed 189 from its shade and left it. 31:13 On its ruins all the birds of the sky will live, and all the wild animals 190 will walk 191 on its branches. 31:14 For this reason no watered trees will grow so tall; their tops will not reach into the clouds, nor will the well-watered ones grow that high. 192 For all of them have been appointed to die in the lower parts of the earth; 193 they will be among mere mortals, 194 with those who descend to the pit.
31:15 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: On the day it 195 went down to Sheol I caused observers to lament. 196 I covered it with the deep and held back its rivers; its plentiful water was restrained. I clothed Lebanon in black for it, and all the trees of the field wilted because of it. 31:16 I made the nations shake at the sound of its fall, when I threw it down to Sheol, along with those who descend to the pit. 197 Then all the trees of Eden, the choicest and the best of Lebanon, all that were well-watered, were comforted in the earth below. 31:17 Those who lived in its shade, its allies 198 among the nations, also went down with it to Sheol, to those killed by the sword. 31:18 Which of the trees of Eden was like you in majesty and loftiness? You will be brought down with the trees of Eden to the lower parts of the earth; you will lie among the uncircumcised, with those killed by the sword! This is what will happen to Pharaoh and all his hordes, declares the sovereign Lord.’”
32:1 In the twelfth year, in the twelfth month, on the first of the month, 199 the word of the Lord came to me: 32:2 “Son of man, sing a lament for Pharaoh king of Egypt, and say to him:
“‘You were like a lion 200 among the nations,
but you are a monster in the seas;
you thrash about in your streams,
stir up the water with your feet,
and muddy your 201 streams.
32:3 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says:
“‘I will throw my net over you 202 in the assembly of many peoples;
and they will haul you up in my dragnet.
32:4 I will leave you on the ground,
I will fling you on the open field,
I will allow 203 all the birds of the sky to settle 204 on you,
and I will permit 205 all the wild animals 206 to gorge themselves on you.
32:5 I will put your flesh on the mountains,
and fill the valleys with your maggot-infested carcass. 207
32:6 I will drench the land with the flow
of your blood up to the mountains,
and the ravines will be full of your blood. 208
32:7 When I extinguish you, I will cover the sky;
I will darken its stars.
I will cover the sun with a cloud,
and the moon will not shine. 209
32:8 I will darken all the lights in the sky over you,
and I will darken your land,
declares the sovereign Lord.
32:9 I will disturb 210 many peoples,
when I bring about your destruction among the nations,
among countries you do not know.
32:10 I will shock many peoples with you,
and their kings will shiver with horror because of you.
When I brandish my sword before them,
every moment each one will tremble for his life, on the day of your fall.
32:11 “‘For this is what the sovereign Lord says:
“‘The sword of the king of Babylon 211 will attack 212 you.
32:12 By the swords of the mighty warriors I will cause your hordes to fall –
all of them are the most terrifying among the nations.
They will devastate the pride of Egypt,
and all its hordes will be destroyed.
32:13 I will destroy all its cattle beside the plentiful waters;
and no human foot will disturb 213 the waters 214 again,
nor will the hooves of cattle disturb them.
32:14 Then I will make their waters calm, 215
and will make their streams flow like olive oil, declares the sovereign Lord.
32:15 When I turn the land of Egypt into desolation
and the land is destitute of everything that fills it,
when I strike all those who live in it,
then they will know that I am the Lord.’
32:16 This is a lament; they will chant it.
The daughters of the nations will chant it.
They will chant it over Egypt and over all her hordes,
declares the sovereign Lord.”
32:17 In the twelfth year, on the fifteenth day of the month, 216 the word of the Lord came to me: 32:18 “Son of man, wail 217 over the horde of Egypt. Bring it down; 218 bring 219 her 220 and the daughters of powerful nations down to the lower parts of the earth, along with those who descend to the pit. 32:19 Say to them, 221 ‘Whom do you surpass in beauty? 222 Go down and be laid to rest with the uncircumcised!’ 32:20 They will fall among those killed by the sword. The sword is drawn; they carry her and all her hordes away. 32:21 The bravest of the warriors will speak to him from the midst of Sheol along with his allies, saying: ‘The uncircumcised have come down; they lie still, killed by the sword.’
32:22 “Assyria is there with all her assembly around her grave, 223 all of them struck down by the sword. 224 32:23 Their 225 graves are located in the remote slopes of the pit. 226 Her assembly is around her grave, all of them struck down by the sword, those who spread terror in the land of the living.
32:24 “Elam is there with all her hordes around her grave; all of them struck down by the sword. They went down uncircumcised to the lower parts of the earth, those who spread terror in the land of the living. Now they will bear their shame with those who descend to the pit. 32:25 Among the dead they have made a bed for her, along with all her hordes around her grave. 227 All of them are uncircumcised, killed by the sword, for their terror had spread in the land of the living. They bear their shame along with those who descend to the pit; they are placed among the dead.
32:26 “Meshech-Tubal is there, along with all her hordes around her grave. 228 All of them are uncircumcised, killed by the sword, for they spread their terror in the land of the living. 32:27 They do not lie with the fallen warriors of ancient times, 229 who went down to Sheol with their weapons of war, having their swords placed under their heads and their shields on their bones, 230 when the terror of these warriors was in the land of the living.
32:28 “But as for you, in the midst of the uncircumcised you will be broken, and you will lie with those killed by the sword.
32:29 “Edom is there with her kings and all her princes. Despite their might they are laid with those killed by the sword; they lie with the uncircumcised and those who descend to the pit.
32:30 “All the leaders of the north are there, along with all the Sidonians; despite their might they have gone down in shameful terror with the dead. They lie uncircumcised with those killed by the sword, and bear their shame with those who descend to the pit.
32:31 “Pharaoh will see them and be consoled over all his hordes who were killed by the sword, Pharaoh and all his army, declares the sovereign Lord. 32:32 Indeed, I terrified him in the land of the living, yet he will lie in the midst of the uncircumcised with those killed by the sword, Pharaoh and all his hordes, declares the sovereign Lord.”
33:1 The word of the Lord came to me: 33:2 “Son of man, speak to your people, 231 and say to them, ‘Suppose I bring a sword against the land, and the people of the land take one man from their borders and make him their watchman. 33:3 He sees the sword coming against the land, blows the trumpet, 232 and warns the people, 233 33:4 but there is one who hears the sound of the trumpet yet does not heed the warning. Then the sword comes and sweeps him away. He will be responsible for his own death. 234 33:5 He heard the sound of the trumpet but did not heed the warning, so he is responsible for himself. 235 If he had heeded the warning, he would have saved his life. 33:6 But suppose the watchman sees the sword coming and does not blow the trumpet to warn the people. Then the sword comes and takes one of their lives. He is swept away for his iniquity, 236 but I will hold the watchman accountable for that person’s death.’ 237
33:7 “As for you, son of man, I have made you a watchman 238 for the house of Israel. Whenever you hear a word from my mouth, you must warn them on my behalf. 33:8 When I say to the wicked, ‘O wicked man, you must certainly die,’ 239 and you do not warn 240 the wicked about his behavior, 241 the wicked man will die for his iniquity, but I will hold you accountable for his death. 242 33:9 But if you warn the wicked man to change his behavior, 243 and he refuses to change, 244 he will die for his iniquity, but you have saved your own life.
33:10 “And you, son of man, say to the house of Israel, ‘This is what you have said: “Our rebellious acts and our sins have caught up with us, 245 and we are wasting away because of them. How then can we live?”’ 33:11 Say to them, ‘As surely as I live, declares the sovereign Lord, I take no pleasure in the death of the wicked, but prefer that the wicked change his behavior 246 and live. Turn back, turn back from your evil deeds! 247 Why should you die, O house of Israel?’
33:12 “And you, son of man, say to your people, 248 ‘The righteousness of the righteous will not deliver him if he rebels. 249 As for the wicked, his wickedness will not make him stumble if he turns from it. 250 The righteous will not be able to live by his righteousness 251 if he sins.’ 252 33:13 Suppose I tell the righteous that he will certainly live, but he becomes confident in his righteousness and commits iniquity. None of his righteous deeds will be remembered; because of the iniquity he has committed he will die. 33:14 Suppose I say to the wicked, ‘You must certainly die,’ but he turns from his sin and does what is just and right. 33:15 He 253 returns what was taken in pledge, pays back what he has stolen, and follows the statutes that give life, 254 committing no iniquity. He will certainly live – he will not die. 33:16 None of the sins he has committed will be counted 255 against him. He has done what is just and right; he will certainly live.
33:17 “Yet your people 256 say, ‘The behavior 257 of the Lord is not right,’ 258 when it is their behavior that is not right. 33:18 When a righteous man turns from his godliness and commits iniquity, he will die for it. 33:19 When the wicked turns from his sin and does what is just and right, he will live because of it. 33:20 Yet you say, ‘The behavior of the Lord is not right.’ House of Israel, I will judge each of you according to his behavior.” 259
33:21 In the twelfth year of our exile, in the tenth month, on the fifth of the month, 260 a refugee came to me from Jerusalem 261 saying, “The city has been defeated!” 262 33:22 Now the hand of the Lord had been on me 263 the evening before the refugee reached me, but the Lord 264 opened my mouth by the time the refugee arrived 265 in the morning; he opened my mouth and I was no longer unable to speak. 266 33:23 The word of the Lord came to me: 33:24 “Son of man, the ones living in these ruins in the land of Israel are saying, ‘Abraham was only one man, yet he possessed the land, but we are many; surely the land has been given to us for a possession.’ 267 33:25 Therefore say to them, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: You eat the meat with the blood still in it, 268 pray to 269 your idols, and shed blood. Do you really think you will possess 270 the land? 33:26 You rely 271 on your swords and commit abominable deeds; each of you defiles his neighbor’s wife. Will you possess the land?’
33:27 “This is what you must say to them, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: As surely as I live, those living in the ruins will die 272 by the sword, those in the open field I will give to the wild beasts for food, and those who are in the strongholds and caves will die of disease. 33:28 I will turn the land into a desolate ruin; her confident pride will come to an end. The mountains of Israel will be so desolate no one will pass through them. 33:29 Then they will know that I am the Lord when I turn the land into a desolate ruin because of all the abominable deeds they have committed.’ 273
33:30 “But as for you, son of man, your people 274 (who are talking about you by the walls and at the doors of the houses) say to one another, 275 ‘Come hear the word that comes 276 from the Lord.’ 33:31 They come to you in crowds, 277 and they sit in front of you as 278 my people. They hear your words, but do not obey 279 them. For they talk lustfully, 280 and their heart is set on 281 their own advantage. 282 33:32 Realize 283 that to them you are like a sensual song, a beautiful voice and skilled musician. 284 They hear your words, but they do not obey them. 285 33:33 When all this comes true – and it certainly will 286 – then they will know that a prophet was among them.”
34:1 The word of the Lord came to me: 34:2 “Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds 287 of Israel; prophesy, and say to them – to the shepherds: ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Woe to the shepherds of Israel who have been feeding themselves! Should not shepherds feed the flock? 34:3 You eat the fat, you clothe yourselves with the wool, you slaughter the choice animals, but you do not feed the sheep! 34:4 You have not strengthened the weak, healed the sick, bandaged the injured, brought back the strays, or sought the lost, but with force and harshness 288 you have ruled over them. 34:5 They were scattered because they had no shepherd, and they became food for every wild beast. 289 34:6 My sheep wandered over all the mountains and on every high hill. My sheep were scattered over the entire face of the earth with no one looking or searching for them.
34:7 “‘Therefore, you shepherds, hear the word of the Lord: 34:8 As surely as I live, declares the sovereign Lord, my sheep have become prey and have become food for all the wild beasts. There was no shepherd, and my shepherds did not search for my flock, but fed themselves and did not feed my sheep, 34:9 Therefore, you shepherds, hear the word of the Lord: 34:10 This is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I am against the shepherds, and I will demand my sheep from their hand. I will no longer let them be shepherds; 290 the shepherds will not feed themselves anymore. I will rescue my sheep from their mouth, so that they will no longer be food for them.
34:11 “‘For this is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I myself will search for my sheep and seek them out. 34:12 As a shepherd seeks out his flock when he is among his scattered sheep, so I will seek out my flock. I will rescue them from all the places where they have been scattered on a cloudy, dark day. 291 34:13 I will bring them out from among the peoples and gather them from foreign countries; I will bring them to their own land. I will feed them on the mountains of Israel, by the streams and all the inhabited places of the land. 34:14 In a good pasture I will feed them; the mountain heights of Israel will be their pasture. There they will lie down in a lush 292 pasture, and they will feed on rich grass on the mountains of Israel. 34:15 I myself will feed my sheep and I myself will make them lie down, declares the sovereign Lord. 34:16 I will seek the lost and bring back the strays; I will bandage the injured and strengthen the sick, but the fat and the strong I will destroy. I will feed them – with judgment!
34:17 “‘As for you, my sheep, this is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to judge between one sheep and another, between rams and goats. 34:18 Is it not enough for you to feed on the good pasture, that you must trample the rest of your pastures with your feet? When you drink clean water, must you muddy the rest of the water by trampling it with your feet? 34:19 As for my sheep, they must eat what you trampled with your feet, and drink what you have muddied with your feet!
34:20 “‘Therefore, this is what the sovereign Lord says to them: Look, I myself will judge between the fat sheep and the lean sheep. 34:21 Because you push with your side and your shoulder, and thrust your horns at all the weak sheep until you scatter them abroad, 293 34:22 I will save my sheep; they will no longer be prey. I will judge between one sheep and another.
34:23 I will set one shepherd over them, and he will feed them – namely, my servant David. 294 He will feed them and will be their shepherd. 34:24 I, the Lord, will be their God, and my servant David will be prince 295 among them; I, the Lord, have spoken!
34:25 “‘I will make a covenant of peace with them and will rid the land of wild beasts, so that they can live securely 296 in the wilderness and even sleep in the woods. 297 34:26 I will turn them and the regions around my hill into a blessing. I will make showers come down in their season; they will be showers that bring blessing. 298 34:27 The trees of the field will yield their fruit and the earth will yield its crops. They will live securely on their land; they will know that I am the Lord, when I break the bars of their yoke and rescue them from the hand of those who enslaved them. 34:28 They will no longer be prey for the nations and the wild beasts will not devour them. They will live securely and no one will make them afraid. 34:29 I will prepare for them a healthy 299 planting. They will no longer be victims 300 of famine in the land and will no longer bear the insults of the nations. 34:30 Then they will know that I, the Lord their God, am with them, 301 and that they are my people, the house of Israel, declares the sovereign Lord. 302 34:31 And you, my sheep, the sheep of my pasture, are my people, 303 and I am your God, declares the sovereign Lord.’”
35:1 The word of the Lord came to me: 35:2 “Son of man, turn toward 304 Mount Seir, 305 and prophesy against it. 35:3 Say to it, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says:
“‘Look, I am against you, Mount Seir;
I will stretch out my hand against you
and turn you into a desolate ruin.
35:4 I will lay waste your cities;
and you will become desolate.
Then you will know that I am the Lord!
35:5 “‘You have shown unrelenting hostility and poured the people of Israel onto the blades of a sword 306 at the time of their calamity, at the time of their final punishment. 35:6 Therefore, as surely as I live, declares the sovereign Lord, I will subject you to bloodshed, and bloodshed will pursue you. Since you did not hate bloodshed, bloodshed will pursue you. 35:7 I will turn Mount Seir into a desolate ruin; 307 I will cut off 308 from it the one who passes through or returns. 35:8 I will fill its mountains with its dead; on your hills and in your valleys and in all your ravines, those killed by the sword will fall. 35:9 I will turn you into a perpetual desolation, and your cities will not be inhabited. Then you will know that I am the Lord.
35:10 “‘You said, “These two nations, these two lands 309 will be mine, and we will possess them,” 310 – although the Lord was there – 35:11 therefore, as surely as I live, declares the sovereign Lord, I will deal with you according to your anger, and according to your envy, by which you acted spitefully against them. I will reveal myself to them when I judge you. 35:12 Then you will know that I, the Lord, have heard all the insults you spoke against the mountains of Israel, saying, “They are desolate, they have been given to us for food.” 35:13 You exalted yourselves against me with your speech 311 and hurled many insults against me 312 – I have heard them all! 35:14 This is what the sovereign Lord says: While the whole earth rejoices, I will turn you into a desolation. 35:15 As you rejoiced over the inheritance of the house of Israel because it was desolate, so will I deal with you – you will be desolate, Mount Seir, and all of Edom – all of it! Then they will know that I am the Lord.’”
36:1 “As for you, son of man, prophesy to the mountains of Israel, and say: ‘O mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Lord! 36:2 This is what the sovereign Lord says: The enemy has spoken against you, saying “Aha!” and, “The ancient heights 313 have become our property!”’ 36:3 So prophesy and say: ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Surely because they have made you desolate and crushed you from all directions, so that you have become the property of the rest of the nations, and have become the subject of gossip 314 and slander among the people, 36:4 therefore, O mountains of Israel, hear the word of the sovereign Lord: This is what the sovereign Lord says to the mountains and hills, the ravines and valleys, and to the desolate ruins and the abandoned cities that have become prey and an object of derision to the rest of the nations round about – 36:5 therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: Surely I have spoken in the fire of my zeal against the rest of the nations, and against all Edom, who with great joy and utter contempt have made my land their property and prey, because of its pasture.’
36:6 “Therefore prophesy concerning the land of Israel, and say to the mountains and hills, the ravines and valleys, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I have spoken in my zeal and in my anger, because you have endured the insults of the nations. 36:7 So this is what the sovereign Lord says: I vow 315 that the nations around you will endure insults as well.
36:8 “‘But you, mountains of Israel, will grow your branches, and bear your fruit for my people Israel; for they will arrive soon. 316 36:9 For indeed, I am on your side; 317 I will turn to you, and you will be plowed and planted. 36:10 I will multiply your people 318 – the whole house of Israel, all of it. The cities will be populated and the ruins rebuilt. 36:11 I will increase the number of people and animals on you; they will increase and be fruitful. 319 I will cause you to be inhabited as in ancient times, and will do more good for you than at the beginning of your history. 320 Then you will know that I am the Lord. 36:12 I will lead people, my people Israel, across you; they will possess you and you will become their inheritance. No longer will you bereave them of their children.
36:13 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Because they are saying to you, “You are a devourer of men, and bereave your nation of children,” 36:14 therefore you will no longer devour people and no longer bereave your nation of children, declares the sovereign Lord. 36:15 I will no longer subject you to 321 the nations’ insults; no longer will you bear the shame of the peoples, and no longer will you bereave 322 your nation, declares the sovereign Lord.’”
36:16 The word of the Lord came to me: 36:17 “Son of man, when the house of Israel was living on their own land, they defiled it by their behavior 323 and their deeds. In my sight their behavior was like the uncleanness of a woman having her monthly period. 36:18 So I poured my anger on them 324 because of the blood they shed on the land and because of the idols with which they defiled it. 325 36:19 I scattered them among the nations; they were dispersed throughout foreign countries. In accordance with their behavior and their deeds I judged them. 36:20 But when they arrived in the nations where they went, they profaned my holy name. It was said of them, ‘These are the people of the Lord, yet they have departed from his land.’ 36:21 I was concerned for my holy reputation 326 which the house of Israel profaned among the nations where they went.
36:22 “Therefore say to the house of Israel, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: It is not for your sake that I am about to act, O house of Israel, but for the sake of my holy reputation 327 which you profaned among the nations where you went. 36:23 I will magnify 328 my great name that has been profaned among the nations, that you have profaned among them. The nations will know that I am the Lord, declares the sovereign Lord, when I magnify myself among you in their sight.
36:24 “‘I will take you from the nations and gather you from all the countries; then I will bring you to your land. 36:25 I will sprinkle you with pure water 329 and you will be clean from all your impurities. I will purify you from all your idols. 36:26 I will give you a new heart, and I will put a new spirit within you. I will remove the heart of stone 330 from your body and give you a heart of flesh. 331 36:27 I will put my Spirit within you; 332 I will take the initiative and you will obey my statutes 333 and carefully observe my regulations. 334 36:28 Then you will live in the land I gave to your fathers; you will be my people, and I will be your God. 335 36:29 I will save you from all your uncleanness. I will call for the grain and multiply it; I will not bring a famine on you. 36:30 I will multiply the fruit of the trees and the produce of the fields, so that you will never again suffer the disgrace of famine among the nations. 36:31 Then you will remember your evil behavior 336 and your deeds which were not good; you will loathe yourselves on account of your sins and your abominable deeds. 36:32 Understand that 337 it is not for your sake I am about to act, declares the sovereign Lord. Be ashamed and embarrassed by your behavior, O house of Israel.
36:33 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: In the day I cleanse you from all your sins, I will populate the cities and the ruins will be rebuilt. 36:34 The desolate land will be plowed, instead of being desolate in the sight of everyone who passes by. 36:35 They will say, “This desolate land has become like the garden of Eden; the ruined, desolate, and destroyed cities are now fortified and inhabited.” 36:36 Then the nations which remain around you will know that I, the Lord, have rebuilt the ruins and replanted what was desolate. I, the Lord, have spoken – and I will do it!’
36:37 “This is what the sovereign Lord says: I will allow the house of Israel to ask me to do this for them: 338 I will multiply their people like sheep. 339 36:38 Like the sheep for offerings, like the sheep of Jerusalem 340 during her appointed feasts, so will the ruined cities be filled with flocks of people. Then they will know that I am the Lord.”
37:1 The hand 341 of the Lord was on me, and he brought me out by the Spirit of the Lord and placed 342 me in the midst of the valley, and it was full of bones. 37:2 He made me walk all around among them. 343 I realized 344 there were a great many bones in the valley and they were very dry. 37:3 He said to me, “Son of man, can these bones live?” I said to him, “Sovereign Lord, you know.” 37:4 Then he said to me, “Prophesy over these bones, and tell them: ‘Dry bones, hear the word of the Lord. 37:5 This is what the sovereign Lord says to these bones: Look, I am about to infuse breath 345 into you and you will live. 37:6 I will put tendons 346 on you and muscles over you and will cover you with skin; I will put breath 347 in you and you will live. Then you will know that I am the Lord.’”
37:7 So I prophesied as I was commanded. There was a sound when I prophesied – I heard 348 a rattling, and the bones came together, bone to bone. 37:8 As I watched, I saw 349 tendons on them, then muscles appeared, 350 and skin covered over them from above, but there was no breath 351 in them.
37:9 He said to me, “Prophesy to the breath, 352 – prophesy, son of man – and say to the breath: ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Come from the four winds, O breath, and breathe on these corpses so that they may live.’” 37:10 So I prophesied as I was commanded, and the breath came into them; they lived and stood on their feet, an extremely great army.
37:11 Then he said to me, “Son of man, these bones are all the house of Israel. Look, they are saying, ‘Our bones are dry, our hope has perished; we are cut off.’ 37:12 Therefore prophesy, and tell them, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to open your graves and will raise you from your graves, my people. I will bring you to the land of Israel. 37:13 Then you will know that I am the Lord, when I open your graves and raise you from your graves, my people. 37:14 I will place my breath 353 in you and you will live; I will give you rest in your own land. Then you will know that I am the Lord – I have spoken and I will act, declares the Lord.’”
37:15 The word of the Lord came to me: 37:16 “As for you, son of man, take one branch, and write on it, ‘For Judah, and for the Israelites associated with him.’ Then take another branch and write on it, ‘For Joseph, the branch of Ephraim and all the house of Israel associated with him.’ 37:17 Join 354 them as one stick; 355 they will be as one in your hand. 37:18 When your people 356 say to you, ‘Will you not tell us what these things mean?’ 37:19 tell them, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to take the branch of Joseph which is in the hand of Ephraim and the tribes of Israel associated with him, and I will place them on the stick of Judah, 357 and make them into one stick – they will be one in my hand.’ 358 37:20 The sticks you write on will be in your hand in front of them. 37:21 Then tell them, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to take the Israelites from among the nations where they have gone. I will gather them from round about and bring them to their land. 37:22 I will make them one nation in the land, on the mountains of Israel, and one king will rule over them all. They will never again be two nations and never again be divided into two kingdoms. 359 37:23 They will not defile themselves with their idols, their detestable things, and all their rebellious deeds. I will save them from all their unfaithfulness 360 by which they sinned. I will purify them; they will become my people and I will become their God.
37:24 “‘My servant David will be king over them; there will be one shepherd for all of them. They will follow 361 my regulations and carefully observe my statutes. 362 37:25 They will live in the land I gave to my servant Jacob, in which your fathers lived; they will live in it – they and their children and their grandchildren forever. David my servant will be prince over them forever. 37:26 I will make a covenant of peace with them; it will be a perpetual covenant with them. 363 I will establish them, 364 increase their numbers, and place my sanctuary among them forever. 37:27 My dwelling place will be with them; I will be their God, and they will be my people. 37:28 Then, when my sanctuary is among them forever, the nations will know that I, the Lord, sanctify Israel.’” 365
38:1 The word of the Lord came to me: 38:2 “Son of man, turn toward 366 Gog, 367 of the land of Magog, 368 the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal. 369 Prophesy against him 38:3 and say: ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, 370 I am against you, Gog, chief prince of Meshech and Tubal. 38:4 I will turn you around, put hooks into your jaws, and bring you out with all your army, horses and horsemen, all of them fully armed, a great company with shields of different types, 371 all of them armed with swords. 38:5 Persia, 372 Ethiopia, and Put 373 are with them, all of them with shields and helmets. 38:6 They are joined by 374 Gomer with all its troops, and by Beth Togarmah from the remote parts of the north with all its troops – many peoples are with you. 375
38:7 “‘Be ready and stay ready, you and all your companies assembled around you, and be a guard for them. 376 38:8 After many days you will be summoned; in the latter years you will come to a land restored from the ravages of war, 377 with many peoples gathered on the mountains of Israel that had long been in ruins. Its people 378 were brought out from the peoples, and all of them will be living securely. 38:9 You will advance; 379 you will come like a storm. You will be like a cloud covering the earth, you, all your troops, and the many other peoples with you.
38:10 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: On that day thoughts will come into your mind, 380 and you will devise an evil plan. 38:11 You will say, “I will invade 381 a land of unwalled towns; I will advance against 382 those living quietly in security – all of them living without walls and barred gates – 38:12 to loot and plunder, to attack 383 the inhabited ruins and the people gathered from the nations, who are acquiring cattle and goods, who live at the center 384 of the earth.” 38:13 Sheba and Dedan and the traders of Tarshish with all its young warriors 385 will say to you, “Have you come to loot? Have you assembled your armies to plunder, to carry away silver and gold, to take away cattle and goods, to haul away a great amount of spoils?”’
38:14 “Therefore, prophesy, son of man, and say to Gog: ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: On that day when my people Israel are living securely, you will take notice 386 38:15 and come from your place, from the remote parts of the north, you and many peoples with you, all of them riding on horses, a great company and a vast army. 38:16 You will advance 387 against my people Israel like a cloud covering the earth. In the latter days I will bring you against my land so that the nations may acknowledge me, when before their eyes I magnify myself 388 through you, O Gog.
38:17 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Are you the one of whom I spoke in former days by my servants 389 the prophets of Israel, who prophesied in those days 390 that I would bring you against them? 38:18 On that day, when Gog invades 391 the land of Israel, declares the sovereign Lord, my rage will mount up in my anger. 38:19 In my zeal, in the fire of my fury, 392 I declare that on that day there will be a great earthquake 393 in the land of Israel. 38:20 The fish of the sea, the birds of the sky, the wild beasts, all the things that creep on the ground, and all people who live on the face of the earth will shake 394 at my presence. The mountains will topple, the cliffs 395 will fall, and every wall will fall to the ground. 38:21 I will call for a sword to attack 396 Gog 397 on all my mountains, declares the sovereign Lord; every man’s sword will be against his brother. 38:22 I will judge him with plague and bloodshed. I will rain down on him, his troops and the many peoples who are with him a torrential downpour, hailstones, fire, and brimstone. 38:23 I will exalt and magnify myself; I will reveal myself before many nations. Then they will know that I am the Lord.’
39:1 “As for you, son of man, prophesy against Gog, and say: ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I am against you, O Gog, chief prince of Meshech and Tubal! 39:2 I will turn you around and drag you along; 398 I will lead you up from the remotest parts of the north and bring you against the mountains of Israel. 39:3 I will knock your bow out of your left hand and make your arrows fall from your right hand. 39:4 You will fall dead on the mountains of Israel, you and all your troops and the people who are with you. I give you as food to every kind of bird and every wild beast. 39:5 You will fall dead in the open field; for I have spoken, declares the sovereign Lord. 39:6 I will send fire on Magog and those who live securely in the coastlands; then they will know that I am the Lord.
39:7 “‘I will make my holy name known in the midst of my people Israel; I will not let my holy name be profaned anymore. Then the nations will know that I am the Lord, the Holy One of Israel. 399 39:8 Realize that it is coming and it will be done, declares the sovereign Lord. It is the day I have spoken about.
39:9 “‘Then those who live in the cities of Israel will go out and use the weapons for kindling 400 – the shields, 401 bows and arrows, war clubs and spears – they will burn them for seven years. 39:10 They will not need to take 402 wood from the field or cut down trees from the forests, because they will make fires with the weapons. They will take the loot from those who looted them and seize the plunder of those who plundered them, 403 declares the sovereign Lord.
39:11 “‘On that day I will assign Gog a grave in Israel. It will be the valley of those who travel east of the sea; it will block the way of the travelers. There they will bury Gog and all his horde; they will call it the valley of Hamon-Gog. 404 39:12 For seven months Israel 405 will bury them, in order to cleanse the land. 39:13 All the people of the land will bury them, and it will be a memorial 406 for them on the day I magnify myself, declares the sovereign Lord. 39:14 They will designate men to scout continually 407 through the land, burying those who remain on the surface of the ground, 408 in order to cleanse it. They will search for seven full months. 39:15 When the scouts survey 409 the land and see a human bone, they will place a sign by it, until those assigned to burial duty have buried it 410 in the valley of Hamon-Gog. 39:16 (A city by the name of Hamonah 411 will also be there.) They will cleanse the land.’
39:17 “As for you, son of man, this is what the sovereign Lord says: Tell every kind of bird and every wild beast: ‘Assemble and come! Gather from all around to my slaughter 412 which I am going to make for you, a great slaughter on the mountains of Israel! You will eat flesh and drink blood. 39:18 You will eat the flesh of warriors 413 and drink the blood of the princes of the earth – the rams, lambs, goats, and bulls, all of them fattened animals of Bashan. 39:19 You will eat fat until you are full, and drink blood until you are drunk, 414 at my slaughter 415 which I have made for you. 39:20 You will fill up at my table with horses and charioteers, 416 with warriors and all the soldiers,’ declares the sovereign Lord.
39:21 “I will display my majesty 417 among the nations. All the nations will witness the judgment I have executed, and the power I have exhibited 418 among them. 39:22 Then the house of Israel will know that I am the Lord their God, from that day forward. 39:23 The nations will know that the house of Israel went into exile due to their iniquity, 419 for they were unfaithful to me. So I hid my face from them and handed them over to their enemies; all of them died by the sword. 39:24 According to their uncleanness and rebellion I have dealt with them, and I hid my face from them.
39:25 “Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: Now I will restore 420 the fortunes of Jacob, and I will have mercy on the entire house of Israel. I will be zealous for my holy name. 39:26 They will bear their shame for all their unfaithful acts against me, when they live securely on their land with no one to make them afraid. 39:27 When I have brought them back from the peoples and gathered them from the countries of their enemies, I will magnify myself among them in the sight of many nations. 39:28 Then they will know that I am the Lord their God, because I sent them into exile among the nations, and then gathered them into their own land. I will not leave any of them in exile 421 any longer. 39:29 I will no longer hide my face from them, when I pour out my Spirit on the house of Israel, 422 declares the sovereign Lord.”
40:1 In the twenty-fifth year of our exile, at the beginning of the year, on the tenth day of the month, in the fourteenth year after the city 423 was struck down, on this very day, 424 the hand 425 of the Lord was on me, and he brought me there. 426 40:2 By means of divine visions 427 he brought me to the land of Israel and placed me on a very high mountain, 428 and on it was a structure like a city, to the south. 40:3 When he brought me there, I saw 429 a man whose appearance was like bronze, with a linen cord and a measuring stick in his hand. He was standing in the gateway. 40:4 The man said to me, “Son of man, watch closely, listen carefully, and pay attention 430 to everything I show you, for you have been brought here so that I can show it to you. 431 Tell the house of Israel everything you see.”
40:5 I saw 432 a wall all around the outside of the temple. 433 In the man’s hand was a measuring stick 10½ feet 434 long. He measured the thickness of the wall 435 as 10½ feet, 436 and its height as 10½ feet. 40:6 Then he went to the gate facing east. He climbed its steps and measured the threshold of the gate as 10½ feet deep. 437 40:7 The alcoves were 10½ feet long and 10½ feet wide; between the alcoves were 8¾ feet. 438 The threshold of the gate by the porch of the gate facing inward was 10½ feet. 40:8 Then he measured the porch of the gate facing inward as 10½ feet. 40:9 He measured the porch of the gate as 14 feet, 439 and its jambs as 3½ feet; 440 the porch of the gate faced inward. 40:10 There were three alcoves on each side of the east gate; the three had the same measurement, and the jambs on either side had the same measurement. 441 40:11 He measured the width of the entrance of the gateway as 17½ feet, 442 and the length of the gateway as 22¾ feet. 443 40:12 There was a barrier in front of the alcoves, 1¾ feet 444 on either side; the alcoves were 10½ feet 445 on either side. 40:13 He measured the gateway from the roof of one alcove to the roof of the other, a width of 43¾ feet 446 from one entrance to the opposite one. 40:14 He measured 447 the porch 448 at 105 feet 449 high; 450 the gateway went all around to the jamb of the courtyard. 40:15 From the front of the entrance gate to the porch of the inner gate was 87½ feet. 451 40:16 There were closed windows toward the alcoves and toward their jambs within the gate all around, and likewise for the porches. There were windows all around the inside, and on each jamb were decorative palm trees. 452
40:17 Then he brought me to the outer court. I saw 453 chambers there, and a pavement made for the court all around; thirty chambers faced the pavement. 40:18 The pavement was beside the gates, corresponding to the length of the gates; this was the lower pavement. 40:19 Then he measured the width from before the lower gate to the front of the exterior of the inner court as 175 feet 454 on the east and on the north.
40:20 He measured the length and width of the gate of the outer court which faces north. 40:21 Its alcoves, three on each side, and its jambs and porches had the same measurement as the first gate; 87½ feet 455 long and 43¾ feet 456 wide. 40:22 Its windows, its porches, and its decorative palm trees had the same measurement as the gate which faced east. Seven steps led up to it, and its porch was in front of them. 40:23 Opposite the gate on the north and the east was a gate of the inner court; he measured the distance from gate to gate at 175 feet. 457
40:24 Then he led me toward the south. I saw 458 a gate on the south. He measured its jambs and its porches; they had the same dimensions as the others. 40:25 There were windows all around it and its porches, like the windows of the others; 459 87½ feet 460 long and 43¾ feet 461 wide. 40:26 There were seven steps going up to it; its porches were in front of them. It had decorative palm trees on its jambs, one on either side. 40:27 The inner court had a gate toward the south; he measured it from gate to gate toward the south as 175 feet. 462
40:28 Then he brought me to the inner court by the south gate. He measured the south gate; it had the same dimensions as the others. 40:29 Its alcoves, its jambs, and its porches had the same dimensions as the others, and there were windows all around it and its porches; its length was 87½ feet 463 and its width 43¾ feet. 464 40:30 There were porches all around, 43¾ feet 465 long and 8¾ feet 466 wide. 40:31 Its porches faced the outer court, and decorative palm trees were on its jambs, and its stairway had eight steps.
40:32 Then he brought me to the inner court on the east side. He measured the gate; it had the same dimensions as the others. 40:33 Its alcoves, its jambs, and its porches had the same dimensions as the others, and there were windows all around it and its porches; its length was 87½ feet 467 and its width 43¾ feet. 468 40:34 Its porches faced the outer court, it had decorative palm trees on its jambs, and its stairway had eight steps.
40:35 Then he brought me to the north gate, and he measured it; it had the same dimensions as the others – 40:36 its alcoves, its jambs, and its porches. It had windows all around it; its length was 87½ feet 469 and its width 43¾ feet. 470 40:37 Its jambs 471 faced the outer court, and it had decorative palm trees on its jambs, on either side, and its stairway had eight steps.
40:38 There was a chamber with its door by the porch of the gate; 472 there they washed the burnt offering. 40:39 In the porch of the gate were two tables on either side on which to slaughter the burnt offering, the sin offering, and the guilt offering. 40:40 On the outside of the porch as one goes up at the entrance of the north gate were two tables, and on the other side of the porch of the gate were two tables. 40:41 Four tables were on each side of the gate, eight tables on which the sacrifices were to be slaughtered. 40:42 The four tables for the burnt offering were of carved stone, 32 inches 473 long, 32 inches 474 wide, and 21 inches 475 high. They would put the instruments which they used to slaughter the burnt offering and the sacrifice on them. 40:43 There were hooks 476 three inches 477 long, fastened in the house all around, and on the tables was the flesh of the offering.
40:44 On the outside of the inner gate were chambers for the singers of the inner court, one 478 at the side of the north gate facing south, and the other at the side of the south 479 gate facing north. 40:45 He said to me, “This chamber which faces south is for the priests who keep charge of the temple, 480 40:46 and the chamber which faces north is for the priests who keep charge of the altar. These are the descendants of Zadok, from the descendants of Levi, who may approach the Lord to minister to him.” 40:47 He measured the court as a square 175 feet long and 175 feet wide; 481 the altar was in front of the temple.
40:48 Then he brought me to the porch of the temple and measured the jambs of the porch as 8¾ feet 482 on either side, and the width of the gate was 24½ feet 483 and the sides 484 were 5¼ feet 485 on each side. 40:49 The length of the porch was 35 feet 486 and the width 19¼ feet; 487 steps 488 led up to it, and there were pillars beside the jambs on either side.
41:1 Then he brought me to the outer sanctuary, and measured the jambs; the jambs were 10½ feet 489 wide on each side. 41:2 The width of the entrance was 17½ feet, 490 and the sides 491 of the entrance were 8¾ feet 492 on each side. He measured the length of the outer sanctuary as 70 feet, 493 and its width as 35 feet. 494
41:3 Then he went into the inner sanctuary and measured the jambs of the entrance as 3½ feet, 495 the entrance as 10½ feet, 496 and the width of the entrance as 12¼ feet 497 41:4 Then he measured its length as 35 feet, 498 and its width as 35 feet, 499 before the outer sanctuary. He said to me, “This is the most holy place.”
41:5 Then he measured the wall of the temple 500 as 10½ feet, 501 and the width of the side chambers as 7 feet, 502 all around the temple. 41:6 The side chambers were in three stories, one above the other, thirty in each story. There were offsets in the wall all around to serve as supports for the side chambers, so that the supports were not in the wall of the temple. 41:7 The side chambers surrounding the temple were wider at each successive story; 503 for the structure 504 surrounding the temple went up story by story all around the temple. For this reason the width of the temple increased as it went up, and one went up from the lowest story to the highest by the way of the middle story.
41:8 I saw that the temple had a raised platform all around; the foundations of the side chambers were a full measuring stick 505 of 10½ feet 506 high. 41:9 The width of the outer wall of the side chambers was 8¾ feet, 507 and the open area between the side chambers of the temple 41:10 and the chambers of the court was 35 feet 508 in width all around the temple on every side. 41:11 There were entrances from the side chambers toward the open area, one entrance toward the north, and another entrance toward the south; the width of the open area was 8¾ feet 509 all around.
41:12 The building that was facing the temple courtyard at the west side was 122½ feet 510 wide; the wall of the building was 8¾ feet 511 all around, and its length 157½ feet. 512
41:13 Then he measured the temple as 175 feet 513 long, the courtyard of the temple and the building and its walls as 175 feet 514 long, 41:14 and also the width of the front of the temple and the courtyard on the east as 175 feet. 515
41:15 Then he measured the length of the building facing the courtyard at the rear of the temple, with its galleries on either side as 175 feet. 516
The interior of the outer sanctuary and the porch of the court, 517 41:16 as well as the thresholds, narrow windows and galleries all around on three sides facing the threshold were paneled with wood all around, from the ground up to the windows (now the windows were covered), 41:17 to the space above the entrance, to the inner room, and on the outside, and on all the walls in the inner room and outside, by measurement. 518 41:18 It was made with cherubim and decorative palm trees, with a palm tree between each cherub. Each cherub had two faces: 41:19 a human face toward the palm tree on one side and a lion’s face toward the palm tree on the other side. They were carved on the whole temple all around; 41:20 from the ground to the area above the entrance, cherubim and decorative palm trees were carved on the wall of the outer sanctuary. 41:21 The doorposts of the outer sanctuary were square. In front of the sanctuary one doorpost looked just like the other. 41:22 The altar was of wood, 5¼ feet 519 high, with its length 3½ feet; 520 its corners, its length, 521 and its walls were of wood. He said to me, “This is the table that is before the Lord.” 41:23 The outer sanctuary and the inner sanctuary each had a double door. 41:24 Each of the doors had two leaves, two swinging 522 leaves; two leaves for one door and two leaves for the other. 41:25 On the doors of the outer sanctuary were carved cherubim and palm trees, like those carved on the walls, and there was a canopy 523 of wood on the front of the outside porch. 41:26 There were narrow windows and decorative palm trees on either side of the side walls of the porch; this is what the side chambers of the temple and the canopies were like.
42:1 Then he led me out to the outer court, toward the north, and brought me to the chamber which was opposite the courtyard and opposite the building on the north. 42:2 Its length was 175 feet 524 on the north side, 525 and its width 87½ feet. 526 42:3 Opposite the 35 feet 527 that belonged to the inner court, and opposite the pavement which belonged to the outer court, gallery faced gallery in the three stories. 42:4 In front of the chambers was a walkway on the inner side, 17½ feet 528 wide at a distance of 1¾ feet, 529 and their entrances were on the north. 42:5 Now the upper chambers were narrower, because the galleries took more space from them than from the lower and middle chambers of the building. 42:6 For they were in three stories and had no pillars like the pillars of the courts; therefore the upper chambers 530 were set back from the ground more than the lower and upper ones. 42:7 As for the outer wall by the side of the chambers, toward the outer court facing the chambers, it was 87½ feet 531 long. 42:8 For the chambers on the outer court were 87½ feet 532 long, while those facing the temple were 175 feet 533 long. 42:9 Below these chambers was a passage on the east side as one enters from the outer court.
42:10 At the beginning 534 of the wall of the court toward the south, 535 facing the courtyard and the building, were chambers 42:11 with a passage in front of them. They looked like the chambers on the north. Of the same length and width, and all their exits according to their arrangements and entrances 42:12 were the chambers 536 which were toward the south. There was an opening at the head of the passage, the passage in front of the corresponding wall toward the east when one enters.
42:13 Then he said to me, “The north chambers and the south chambers which face the courtyard are holy chambers where the priests 537 who approach the Lord will eat the most holy offerings. There they will place the most holy offerings – the grain offering, the sin offering, and the guilt offering, because the place is holy. 42:14 When the priests enter, then they will not go out from the sanctuary to the outer court without taking off their garments in which they minister, for these are holy; they will put on other garments, then they will go near the places where the people are.”
42:15 Now when he had finished measuring the interior of the temple, he led me out by the gate which faces east and measured all around. 42:16 He measured the east side with the measuring stick 538 as 875 feet 539 by the measuring stick. 42:17 He measured the north side as 875 feet by the measuring stick. 42:18 He measured the south side as 875 feet by the measuring stick. 42:19 He turned to the west side and measured 875 feet by the measuring stick. 42:20 He measured it on all four sides. It had a wall around it, 875 feet long and 875 feet wide, to separate the holy and common places.
43:1 Then he brought me to the gate that faced toward the east. 43:2 I saw 540 the glory of the God of Israel 541 coming from the east; 542 the sound was like that of rushing water; 543 and the earth radiated 544 his glory. 43:3 It was like the vision I saw when he 545 came to destroy the city, and the vision I saw by the Kebar River. I threw myself face down. 43:4 The glory of the Lord came into the temple by way of the gate that faces east. 43:5 Then a wind 546 lifted me up and brought me to the inner court; I watched 547 the glory of the Lord filling the temple. 548
43:6 I heard someone speaking to me from the temple, while the man was standing beside me. 43:7 He said to me: “Son of man, this is the place of my throne 549 and the place for the soles of my feet, 550 where I will live among the people of Israel forever. The house of Israel will no longer profane my holy name, neither they nor their kings, by their spiritual prostitution or by the pillars of their kings set up when they die. 551 43:8 When they placed their threshold by my threshold and their doorpost by my doorpost, with only the wall between me and them, they profaned my holy name by the abominable deeds they committed. So I consumed them in my anger. 43:9 Now they must put away their spiritual prostitution and the pillars of their kings far from me, and then I will live among them forever.
43:10 “As for you, son of man, describe the temple to the house of Israel, so that they will be ashamed of their sins and measure the pattern. 43:11 When they are ashamed of all that they have done, make known to them the design of the temple, its pattern, its exits and entrances, and its whole design – all its statutes, its entire design, and all its laws; write it all down in their sight, so that they may observe its entire design and all its statutes and do them.
43:12 “This is the law of the temple: The entire area on top of the mountain all around will be most holy. Indeed, this is the law of the temple.
43:13 “And these are the measurements of the altar: 552 Its base 553 is 1¾ feet 554 high, 555 and 1¾ feet 556 wide, and its border nine inches 557 on its edge. This is to be the height 558 of the altar. 43:14 From the base of the ground to the lower edge is 3½ feet, 559 and the width 1¾ feet; 560 and from the smaller ledge to the larger edge, 7 feet, 561 and the width 1¾ feet; 43:15 and the altar hearth, 7 feet, and from the altar hearth four horns projecting upward. 43:16 Now the altar hearth 562 is a perfect square, 21 feet 563 long and 21 feet wide. 43:17 The ledge is 24½ feet 564 long and 24½ feet wide on four sides; the border around it is 10½ inches, 565 and its surrounding base 1¾ feet. 566 Its steps face east.”
43:18 Then he said to me: “Son of man, this is what the sovereign Lord says: These are the statutes of the altar: On the day it is built to offer up burnt offerings on it and to sprinkle blood on it, 567 43:19 you will give a young bull for a sin offering to the Levitical priests who are descended from Zadok, who approach me to minister to me, declares the sovereign Lord. 43:20 You will take some of its blood, and place it on the four horns of the altar, on the four corners of the ledge, and on the border all around; you will cleanse it and make atonement for it. 568 43:21 You will also take the bull for the sin offering, and it will be burned in the appointed place in the temple, outside the sanctuary.
43:22 “On the second day, you will offer a male goat without blemish for a sin offering. They will purify the altar just as they purified it with the bull. 43:23 When you have finished purifying it, you will offer an unblemished young bull and an unblemished ram from the flock. 43:24 You will present them before the Lord, and the priests will scatter salt on them 569 and offer them up as a burnt offering to the Lord.
43:25 “For seven days you will provide every day a goat for a sin offering; a young bull and a ram from the flock, both without blemish, will be provided. 43:26 For seven days they will make atonement for the altar and cleanse it, so they will consecrate it. 570 43:27 When the prescribed period is over, 571 on the eighth day and thereafter the priests will offer up on the altar your burnt offerings and your peace offerings; 572 I will accept you, declares the sovereign Lord.”
44:1 Then he brought me back by way of the outer gate of the sanctuary which faces east, but it was shut. 44:2 The Lord said to me: “This gate will be shut; it will not be opened, and no one will enter by it. For the Lord, the God of Israel, has entered by it; therefore it will remain shut. 44:3 Only the prince may sit in it to eat a sacrificial meal 573 before the Lord; he will enter by way of the porch of the gate and will go out by the same way.”
44:4 Then he brought me by way of the north gate to the front of the temple. As I watched, I noticed 574 the glory of the Lord filling the Lord’s temple, and I threw myself face down. 44:5 The Lord said to me: “Son of man, pay attention, 575 watch closely and listen carefully to 576 everything I tell you concerning all the statutes of the Lord’s house and all its laws. Pay attention to the entrances 577 to the temple with all the exits of the sanctuary. 44:6 Say to the rebellious, 578 to the house of Israel, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Enough of all your abominable practices, O house of Israel! 44:7 When you bring foreigners, those uncircumcised in heart and in flesh, into my sanctuary, you desecrate 579 it – even my house – when you offer my food, the fat and the blood. You 580 have broken my covenant by all your abominable practices. 44:8 You have not kept charge of my holy things, but you have assigned foreigners 581 to keep charge of my sanctuary for you. 44:9 This is what the sovereign Lord says: No foreigner, who is uncircumcised in heart and flesh among all the foreigners who are among the people of Israel, will enter into my sanctuary. 582
44:10 “‘But the Levites who went far from me, straying off from me after their idols when Israel went astray, will be responsible for 583 their sin. 44:11 Yet they will be ministers in my sanctuary, having oversight at the gates of the temple, and serving the temple. They will slaughter the burnt offerings and the sacrifices for the people, and they will stand before them to minister to them. 44:12 Because they used to minister to them before their idols, and became a sinful obstacle 584 to the house of Israel, consequently I have made a vow 585 concerning them, declares the sovereign Lord, that they will be responsible 586 for their sin. 44:13 They will not come near me to serve me as priest, nor will they come near any of my holy things, the things which are most sacred. They will bear the shame of the abominable deeds they have committed. 44:14 Yet I will appoint them to keep charge of the temple, all of its service and all that will be done in it.
44:15 “‘But the Levitical priests, the descendants of Zadok 587 who kept the charge of my sanctuary when the people of Israel went astray from me, will approach me to minister to me; they will stand before me to offer me the fat and the blood, declares the sovereign Lord. 44:16 They will enter my sanctuary, and approach my table to minister to me; they will keep my charge.
44:17 “‘When they enter the gates of the inner court, they must wear linen garments; they must not have any wool on them when they minister in the inner gates of the court and in the temple. 44:18 Linen turbans will be on their heads and linen undergarments will be around their waists; they must not bind themselves with anything that causes sweat. 44:19 When they go out to the outer court to the people, they must remove the garments they were ministering in, and place them in the holy chambers; they must put on other garments so that they will not transmit holiness to the people with their garments. 588
44:20 “‘They must not shave their heads 589 nor let their hair grow long; 590 they must only trim their heads. 44:21 No priest may drink wine when he enters the inner court. 44:22 They must not marry a widow or a divorcee, but they may marry a virgin from the house of Israel 591 or a widow who is a priest’s widow. 44:23 Moreover, they will teach my people the difference between the holy and the common, and show them how to distinguish between the ceremonially unclean and the clean. 592
44:24 “‘In a controversy they will act as judges; 593 they will judge according to my ordinances. They will keep my laws and my statutes regarding all my appointed festivals and will observe 594 my Sabbaths.
44:25 “‘They must not come near a dead person or they will be defiled; 595 however, for father, mother, son, daughter, brother or sister, they may defile themselves. 44:26 After a priest 596 has become ceremonially clean, they 597 must count off a period of seven days for him. 44:27 On the day he enters the sanctuary, into the inner court to serve in the sanctuary, he must offer his sin offering, declares the sovereign Lord.
44:28 “‘This will be their inheritance: I am their inheritance, and you must give them no property in Israel; I am their property. 598 44:29 They may eat the grain offering, the sin offering, and the guilt offering, and every devoted thing in Israel will be theirs. 44:30 The first of all the first fruits and all contributions of any kind 599 will be for the priests; you will also give to the priest the first portion of your dough, so that a blessing may rest on your house. 44:31 The priests will not eat any bird or animal that has died a natural death or was torn to pieces by a wild animal. 600
45:1 “‘When you allot the land as an inheritance, you will offer an allotment 601 to the Lord, a holy portion from the land; the length will be eight and a quarter miles 602 and the width three and one-third miles. 603 This entire area will be holy. 604 45:2 Of this area a square 875 feet 605 by 875 feet will be designated for the sanctuary, with 87½ feet 606 set aside for its open space round about. 45:3 From this measured area you will measure a length of eight and a quarter miles 607 and a width of three and one-third miles; 608 in it will be the sanctuary, the most holy place. 45:4 It will be a holy portion of the land; it will be for the priests, the ministers of the sanctuary who approach the Lord to minister to him. It will be a place for their houses and a holy place for the sanctuary. 609 45:5 An area eight and a quarter miles 610 in length and three and one-third miles 611 in width will be for the Levites, who minister at the temple, as the place for the cities 612 in which they will live.
45:6 “‘Alongside the portion set apart as the holy allotment, you will allot for the city an area one and two-thirds miles 613 wide and eight and a quarter miles 614 long; it will be for the whole house of Israel.
45:7 “‘For the prince there will be land on both sides of the holy allotment and the allotted city, alongside the holy allotment and the allotted city, on the west side and on the east side; it will be comparable in length to one of the portions, from the west border to the east border 45:8 of the land. This will be his property in Israel. My princes will no longer oppress my people, but the land will be allotted to the house of Israel according to their tribes.
45:9 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: Enough, you princes of Israel! Put away violence and destruction, and do what is just and right. Put an end to your evictions of my people, 615 declares the sovereign Lord. 45:10 You must use just balances, 616 a just dry measure (an ephah), 617 and a just liquid measure (a bath). 618 45:11 The dry and liquid measures will be the same, the bath will contain a tenth of a homer, 619 and the ephah a tenth of a homer; the homer will be the standard measure. 45:12 The shekel will be twenty gerahs. Sixty shekels 620 will be a mina for you.
45:13 “‘This is the offering you must offer: a sixth of an ephah from a homer of wheat; a sixth of an ephah from a homer of barley, 45:14 and as the prescribed portion of olive oil, one tenth of a bath from each kor (which is ten baths or a homer, for ten baths make a homer); 45:15 and one sheep from each flock of two hundred, from the watered places of Israel, for a grain offering, burnt offering, and peace offering, to make atonement for them, declares the sovereign Lord. 45:16 All the people of the land will contribute 621 to this offering for the prince of Israel. 45:17 It will be the duty of the prince to provide the burnt offerings, the grain offering, and the drink offering at festivals, on the new moons and Sabbaths, at all the appointed feasts of the house of Israel; he will provide the sin offering, the grain offering, the burnt offering, and the peace offerings to make atonement for the house of Israel.
45:18 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: In the first month, on the first day of the month, you must take an unblemished young bull and purify the sanctuary. 45:19 The priest will take some of the blood of the sin offering and place it on the doorpost of the temple, on the four corners of the ledge of the altar, and on the doorpost of the gate of the inner court. 45:20 This is what you must do on the seventh day of the month for anyone who sins inadvertently or through ignorance; so you will make atonement for the temple.
45:21 “‘In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, you will celebrate the Passover, and for seven days bread made without yeast will be eaten. 45:22 On that day the prince will provide for himself and for all the people of the land a bull for a sin offering. 45:23 And during the seven days of the feast he will provide as a burnt offering to the Lord seven bulls and seven rams, all without blemish, on each of the seven days, and a male goat daily for a sin offering. 45:24 He will provide as a grain offering an ephah for each bull, an ephah for each ram, and a gallon 622 of olive oil for each ephah of grain. 623 45:25 In the seventh month, on the fifteenth day of the month, at the feast, 624 he will make the same provisions for the sin offering, burnt offering, and grain offering, and for the olive oil, for the seven days.
46:1 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: The gate of the inner court that faces east 625 will be closed six working days, but on the Sabbath day it will be opened and on the day of the new moon it will be opened. 46:2 The prince will enter by way of the porch of the gate from the outside, and will stand by the doorpost of the gate. The priests will provide his burnt offering and his peace offerings, and he will bow down at the threshold of the gate and then go out. But the gate will not be closed until evening. 46:3 The people of the land will bow down at the entrance of that gate before the Lord on the Sabbaths and on the new moons. 46:4 The burnt offering which the prince will offer to the Lord on the Sabbath day will be six unblemished lambs and one unblemished ram. 46:5 The grain offering will be an ephah with the ram, and the grain offering with the lambs will be as much as he is able to give, 626 and a gallon 627 of olive oil with an ephah. 46:6 On the day of the new moon he will offer 628 an unblemished young bull, and six lambs and a ram, all without blemish. 46:7 He will provide a grain offering: an ephah with the bull and an ephah with the ram, and with the lambs as much as he wishes, 629 and a gallon 630 of olive oil with each ephah of grain. 631 46:8 When the prince enters, he will come by way of the porch of the gate and will go out the same way.
46:9 “‘When the people of the land come before the Lord at the appointed feasts, whoever enters by way of the north gate to worship will go out by way of the south gate; whoever enters by way of the south gate will go out by way of the north gate. No one will return by way of the gate they entered but will go out straight ahead. 46:10 When they come in, the prince will come in with them, and when they go out, he will go out.
46:11 “‘At the festivals and at the appointed feasts the grain offering will be an ephah with the bull and an ephah with the ram, and with the lambs as much as one is able, 632 and a gallon 633 of olive oil with each ephah of grain. 634 46:12 When the prince provides a freewill offering, a burnt offering, or peace offerings as a voluntary offering to the Lord, the gate facing east will be opened for him, and he will provide his burnt offering and his peace offerings just as he did on the Sabbath. Then he will go out, and the gate will be closed after he goes out. 635
46:13 “‘You 636 will provide a lamb a year old without blemish for a burnt offering daily to the Lord; morning by morning he will provide it. 46:14 And you 637 will provide a grain offering with it morning by morning, a sixth of an ephah, and a third of a gallon 638 of olive oil to moisten the choice flour, as a grain offering to the Lord; this is a perpetual statute. 46:15 Thus they will provide the lamb, the grain offering, and the olive oil morning by morning, as a perpetual burnt offering.
46:16 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: If the prince should give a gift to one of his sons as 639 his inheritance, it will belong to his sons, it is their property by inheritance. 46:17 But if he gives a gift from his inheritance to one of his servants, it will be his until the year of liberty; 640 then it will revert to the prince. His inheritance will only remain with his sons. 46:18 The prince will not take away any of the people’s inheritance by oppressively removing them from their property. He will give his sons an inheritance from his own possessions so that my people will not be scattered, each from his own property.’”
46:19 Then he brought me through the entrance, which was at the side of the gate, into the holy chambers for the priests which faced north. There I saw 641 a place at the extreme western end. 46:20 He said to me, “This is the place where the priests will boil the guilt offering and the sin offering, and where they will bake the grain offering, so that they do not bring them out to the outer court to transmit holiness to the people.”
46:21 Then he brought me out to the outer court and led me past the four corners of the court, and I noticed 642 that in every corner of the court there was a court. 46:22 In the four corners of the court were small 643 courts, 70 feet 644 in length and 52½ feet 645 in width; the four were all the same size. 46:23 There was a row of masonry around each of the four courts, and places for boiling offerings were made under the rows all around. 46:24 Then he said to me, “These are the houses for boiling, where the ministers of the temple boil the sacrifices of the people.”
47:1 Then he brought me back to the entrance of the temple. I noticed 646 that water was flowing from under the threshold of the temple toward the east (for the temple faced east). The water was flowing down from under the right side of the temple, from south of the altar. 47:2 He led me out by way of the north gate and brought me around the outside of the outer gate that faces toward the east; I noticed 647 that the water was trickling out from the south side.
47:3 When the man went out toward the east with a measuring line in his hand, he measured 1,750 feet, 648 and then he led me through water, which was ankle deep. 47:4 Again he measured 1,750 feet and led me through the water, which was now knee deep. Once more he measured 1,750 feet and led me through the water, which was waist deep. 47:5 Again he measured 1,750 feet and it was a river I could not cross, for the water had risen; it was deep enough to swim in, a river that could not be crossed. 47:6 He said to me, “Son of man, have you seen this?”
Then he led me back to the bank of the river. 47:7 When I had returned, I noticed 649 a vast number of trees on the banks of the river, on both sides. 47:8 He said to me, “These waters go out toward the eastern region and flow down into the Arabah; when they enter the Dead Sea, 650 where the sea is stagnant, 651 the waters become fresh. 652 47:9 Every living creature which swarms where the river 653 flows will live; there will be many fish, for these waters flow there. It will become fresh 654 and everything will live where the river flows. 47:10 Fishermen will stand beside it; from Engedi to En-eglaim they will spread nets. They will catch many kinds of fish, like the fish of the Great Sea. 655 47:11 But its swamps and its marshes will not become fresh; they will remain salty. 47:12 On both sides of the river’s banks, every kind of tree will grow for food. Their leaves will not wither nor will their fruit fail, but they will bear fruit every month, because their water source flows from the sanctuary. Their fruit will be for food and their leaves for healing.” 656
47:13 This is what the sovereign Lord says: “Here 657 are the borders 658 you will observe as you allot the land to the twelve tribes of Israel. (Joseph will have two portions.) 659 47:14 You must divide it equally just as I vowed to give it to your forefathers; 660 this land will be assigned as your inheritance. 661
47:15 “This will be the border of the land: 662 On the north side, from the Great Sea by way of Hethlon to the entrance of Zedad; 47:16 Hamath, Berothah, Sibraim, which is between the border of Damascus and the border of Hamath, as far as Hazer-hattikon, which is on the border of Hauran. 47:17 The border will run from the sea to Hazar-enan, at the border of Damascus, and on the north is the border of Hamath. This is the north side. 47:18 On the east side, between Hauran and Damascus, and between Gilead and the land of Israel, will be the Jordan. You will measure from the border to the eastern sea. This is the east side. 47:19 On the south side it will run from Tamar to the waters of Meribath Kadesh, the river, 663 to the Great Sea. This is the south side. 47:20 On the west side the Great Sea will be the boundary to a point opposite Lebo-hamath. This is the west side.
47:21 “This is how you will divide this land for yourselves among the tribes of Israel. 47:22 You must allot it as an inheritance among yourselves and for the foreigners who reside among you, who have fathered sons among you. You must treat them as native-born among the people of Israel; they will be allotted an inheritance with you among the tribes of Israel. 664 47:23 In whatever tribe the foreigner resides, there you will give him his inheritance,” declares the sovereign Lord.
48:1 “These are the names of the tribes: From the northern end beside the road of Hethlon to Lebo-hamath, as far as Hazar-enan (which is on the border of Damascus, toward the north beside Hamath), extending from the east side to the west, Dan will have one portion. 48:2 Next to the border of Dan, from the east side to the west, Asher 665 will have one portion. 48:3 Next to the border of Asher from the east side to the west, Naphtali will have one portion. 48:4 Next to the border of Naphtali from the east side to the west, Manasseh will have one portion. 48:5 Next to the border of Manasseh from the east side to the west, Ephraim will have one portion. 48:6 Next to the border of Ephraim from the east side to the west, Reuben will have one portion. 48:7 Next to the border of Reuben from the east side to the west, Judah 666 will have one portion.
48:8 “Next to the border of Judah from the east side to the west will be the allotment you must set apart. It is to be eight and a quarter miles 667 wide, and the same length as one of the tribal portions, from the east side to the west; the sanctuary will be in the middle of it. 48:9 The allotment you set apart to the Lord will be eight and a quarter miles 668 in length and three and one-third miles 669 in width. 48:10 These will be the allotments for the holy portion: for the priests, toward the north eight and a quarter miles 670 in length, toward the west three and one-third miles 671 in width, toward the east three and one-third miles 672 in width, and toward the south eight and a quarter miles 673 in length; the sanctuary of the Lord will be in the middle. 48:11 This will be for the priests who are set apart from the descendants of Zadok who kept my charge and did not go astray when the people of Israel strayed off, like the Levites did. 674 48:12 It will be their portion from the allotment of the land, a most holy place, next to the border of the Levites.
48:13 “Alongside the border of the priests, the Levites will have an allotment eight and a quarter miles 675 in length and three and one-third miles 676 in width. The whole length will be eight and a quarter miles 677 and the width three and one-third miles. 678 48:14 They must not sell or exchange any of it; they must not transfer this choice portion of land, for it is set apart 679 to the Lord.
48:15 “The remainder, one and two-thirds miles 680 in width and eight and a quarter miles 681 in length, will be for common use by the city, for houses and for open space. The city will be in the middle of it; 48:16 these will be its measurements: The north side will be one and one-half miles, 682 the south side one and one-half miles, the east side one and one-half miles, and the west side one and one-half miles. 48:17 The city will have open spaces: On the north there will be 437½ feet, 683 on the south 437½ feet, on the east 437½ feet, and on the west 437½ feet. 48:18 The remainder of the length alongside the holy allotment will be three and one-third miles 684 to the east and three and one-third miles toward the west, and it will be beside the holy allotment. Its produce will be for food for the workers of the city. 48:19 The workers of the city from all the tribes of Israel will cultivate it. 48:20 The whole allotment will be eight and a quarter miles 685 square, you must set apart the holy allotment with the possession of the city.
48:21 “The rest, on both sides of the holy allotment and the property of the city, will belong to the prince. Extending from the eight and a quarter miles 686 of the holy allotment to the east border, and westward from the eight and a quarter miles 687 to the west border, alongside the portions, it will belong to the prince. The holy allotment and the sanctuary of the temple will be in the middle of it. 48:22 The property of the Levites and of the city will be in the middle of that which belongs to the prince. The portion between the border of Judah and the border of Benjamin will be for the prince.
48:23 “As for the rest of the tribes: From the east side to the west side, Benjamin will have one portion. 48:24 Next to the border of Benjamin, from the east side to the west side, Simeon will have one portion. 48:25 Next to the border of Simeon, from the east side to the west side, Issachar will have one portion. 48:26 Next to the border of Issachar, from the east side to the west side, Zebulun will have one portion. 48:27 Next to the border of Zebulun, from the east side to the west side, Gad will have one portion. 48:28 Next to the border of Gad, at the south side, the border will run from Tamar to the waters of Meribath Kadesh, to the Stream of Egypt 688 and on to the Great Sea. 48:29 This is the land which you will allot to the tribes of Israel, and these are their portions, declares the sovereign Lord.
48:30 “These are the exits of the city: On the north side, one and one-half miles 689 by measure, 48:31 the gates of the city 690 will be named for the tribes of Israel; there will be three gates to the north: one gate for Reuben, one gate for Judah, and one gate for Levi. 48:32 On the east side, one and one-half miles in length, there will be three gates: one gate for Joseph, one gate for Benjamin, and one gate for Dan. 48:33 On the south side, one and one-half miles by measure, there will be three gates: one gate for Simeon, one gate for Issachar, and one gate for Zebulun. 48:34 On the west side, one and one-half miles in length, there will be three gates: one gate for Gad, one gate for Asher, and one gate for Naphtali. 48:35 The circumference of the city will be six miles. 691 The name of the city from that day forward will be: ‘The Lord Is There.’” 692
[25:2] 1 tn Heb “set your face toward.”
[25:2] 2 tn Heb “the sons of Ammon.” Ammon was located to the east of Israel.
[25:4] 3 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates being aware of or taking notice of something and has been translated here with a verb (so also throughout the chapter).
[25:4] 4 tn Heb “Look I am about to give you for a possession to.”
[25:5] 6 tn Heb “the sons of Ammon.”
[25:6] 7 tn Heb “with all your scorn in (the) soul.”
[25:7] 8 tc The translation here follows the marginal reading (Qere) of the Hebrew text. The consonantal text (Kethib) is meaningless.
[25:8] 9 sn Moab was located immediately south of Ammon.
[25:9] 11 tn Heb “from the cities.” The verb “eliminating” has been added in the translation to reflect the privative use of the preposition (see BDB 583 s.v. מִן 7.b).
[25:9] 12 tn Heb “from its cities, from its end.”
[25:10] 13 tn Heb “I will give it for a possession.”
[25:10] 14 tn Heb “the sons of Ammon” (twice in this verse).
[25:12] 16 sn Edom was located south of Moab.
[25:12] 17 tn Heb “and they have become guilty, becoming guilty.” The infinitive absolute following the finite verb makes the statement emphatic and draws attention to the degree of guilt incurred by Edom due to its actions.
[25:12] 18 tn Heb “and they have taken vengeance.”
[25:12] 19 sn Edom apparently in some way assisted in the destruction of Jerusalem in 587/6
[25:13] 20 tn Heb “and I will cut off from her man and beast.”
[25:15] 23 sn The Philistines inhabited the coastal plain by the Mediterranean Sea, west of Judah.
[25:15] 24 tn Heb “have acted with vengeance and taken vengeance with vengeance.” The repetition emphasizes the degree of vengeance which they exhibited, presumably toward Judah.
[25:15] 25 tn Heb “with scorn in (the) soul.”
[25:15] 26 tn The object is not specified in the Hebrew text, but has been clarified as “Judah” in the translation.
[25:15] 27 tn Heb “to destroy (with) perpetual hostility.” Joel 3:4-8 also speaks of the Philistines taking advantage of the fall of Judah.
[25:16] 28 tn In Hebrew the verb “and I will cut off” sounds like its object, “the Cherethites,” and draws attention to the statement.
[25:16] 29 sn This is a name for the Philistines, many of whom migrated to Palestine from Crete.
[25:17] 30 tn Heb “with acts of punishment of anger.”
[26:1] 31 tc Date formulae typically include the month. According to D. I. Block (Ezekiel [NICOT], 2:34, n. 27) some emend to “in the twelfth year in the eleventh month” based partially on the copy of the LXX from Alexandrinus, where Albright suggested that “eleventh month” may have dropped out due to haplography.
[26:1] sn April 23, 587
[26:2] 32 sn Tyre was located on the Mediterranean coast north of Israel.
[26:2] 33 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[26:2] 34 tn Heb “I will be filled.”
[26:2] 35 sn That is, Jerusalem.
[26:3] 36 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) draws attention to something and has been translated here as a verb.
[26:3] 37 tn Or “I challenge you.” The phrase “I am against you” may be a formula for challenging someone to combat or a duel. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 1:201-2, and P. Humbert, “Die Herausforderungsformel ‘h!nn#n' ?l?K>,’” ZAW 45 (1933): 101-8. The Hebrew text switches to a second feminine singular form here, indicating that personified Jerusalem is addressed (see vv. 5-6a). The address to Jerusalem continues through v. 15. In vv. 16-17 the second masculine plural is used, as the people are addressed.
[26:6] 39 sn That is, the towns located inland that were under Tyre’s rule.
[26:7] 40 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) draws attention to something.
[26:7] 41 tn Heb “Nebuchadrezzar” is a variant and more correct spelling of Nebuchadnezzar, as the Babylonian name Nabu-kudurri-usur has an an “r” rather than an “n.”
[26:10] 43 tn Heb “From the abundance of his horses he will cover you (with) their dust.”
[26:10] 44 tn Heb “like those who enter a breached city.”
[26:12] 45 tn Heb “desirable.”
[26:12] 47 tn Heb “into the midst of the water.”
[26:13] 48 tn Heb “cause to end.”
[26:14] 49 sn This prophecy was fulfilled by Alexander the Great in 332
[26:16] 50 tn Heb “descend from.”
[26:16] 51 tn Heb “and they will be astonished over you.”
[26:17] 52 tn Heb “and they will lift up over you a lament and they will say to you.”
[26:17] 53 tn Heb “O inhabitant.” The translation follows the LXX and understands a different Hebrew verb, meaning “cease,” behind the consonantal text. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel [WBC], 2:72, and D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:43.
[26:17] 54 tn Heb “she and her inhabitants who placed their terror to all her inhabitants.” The relationship of the final prepositional phrase to what precedes is unclear. The preposition probably has a specifying function here, drawing attention to Tyre’s inhabitants as the source of the terror mentioned prior to this. In this case, one might paraphrase verse 17b: “she and her inhabitants, who spread their terror; yes, her inhabitants (were the source of this terror).”
[26:18] 55 tn Heb “from your going out.”
[26:20] 57 tn Heb “to the people of antiquity.”
[26:20] 58 tn Heb “like.” The translation assumes an emendation of the preposition כְּ (kÿ, “like”), to בְּ (bÿ, “in, among”).
[26:20] 59 tn Heb “and I will place beauty.” This reading makes little sense; many, following the lead of the LXX, emend the text to read “nor will you stand” with the negative particle before the preceding verb understood by ellipsis; see L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:73. D. I. Block (Ezekiel [NICOT], 2:47) offers another alternative, taking the apparent first person verb form as an archaic second feminine form and translating “nor radiate splendor.”
[27:2] 60 tn Heb “lift up over Tyre a lament.”
[27:3] 61 tn Heb “entrances.” The plural noun may reflect the fact that Tyre had two main harbors.
[27:3] 62 sn Rome, another economic power, is described in a similar way in Rev 17:1.
[27:4] 63 tn The city of Tyre is described in the following account as a merchant ship.
[27:5] 65 tn Perhaps the hull or deck. The term is dual, so perhaps it refers to a double-decked ship.
[27:6] 67 tc The Hebrew reads “Your deck they made ivory, daughter of Assyria.” The syntactically difficult “ivory” is understood here as dittography and omitted, though some construe this to refer to ivory inlays. “Daughter of Assyria” is understood here as improper word division and the vowels repointed as “cypresses.”
[27:6] 68 tn Heb “from the coastlands (or islands) of Kittim,” generally understood to be a reference to the island of Cyprus, where the Phoenicians had a trading colony on the southeast coast. Many modern English versions have “Cyprus” (CEV, TEV), “the coastlands of Cyprus” (NASB), “the coasts of Cyprus” (NIV, NRSV), or “the southern coasts of Cyprus” (NLT).
[27:6] sn The Kittean isles is probably a reference to southeast Cyprus where the Phoenicians had a colony.
[27:7] 69 sn This is probably a reference to Cyprus.
[27:8] 70 tc The MT reads “the residents of”; the LXX reads “your rulers who dwell in.” With no apparent reason for the LXX to add “the rulers” many suppose something has dropped out of the Hebrew text. While more than one may be possible, Allen’s proposal, positing a word meaning “elders,” is the most likely to explain the omission in the MT from a graphic standpoint and also provides a parallel to the beginning of v. 9. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:81.a parallel to v. 9.
[27:8] 71 map For location see Map1 A1; JP3 F3; JP4 F3.
[27:8] 72 sn Sidon and Arvad, like Tyre, were Phoenician coastal cities.
[27:9] 74 sn Another Phoenician coastal city located between Sidon and Arvad.
[27:9] 75 tn Heb “strengthening damages.” Here “to strengthen” means to repair. The word for “damages” occurs several times in 1 Kgs 12 about some type of damage to the temple, which may have referred to or included cracks. Since the context describes Tyre in its glory, we do not expect this reference to damages to be of significant scale, even if there are repairmen. This may refer to using pitch to seal the seams of the ship, which had to be done periodically and could be considered routine maintenance rather than repair of damage.
[27:9] 76 sn The reference to “all the ships of the sea…within you” suggests that the metaphor is changing; previously Tyre had been described as a magnificent ship, but now the description shifts back to an actual city. The “ships of the sea” were within Tyre’s harbor. Verse 11 refers to “walls” and “towers” of the city.
[27:11] 78 tn Heb “sons of Arvad.”
[27:11] 79 sn The identity of the Gammadites is uncertain.
[27:11] 80 tn See note on “quivers” in Jer 51:11 on the meaning of Hebrew שֶׁלֶט (shelet) and also M. Greenberg, Ezekiel (AB), 2:553.
[27:12] 81 sn Tarshish refers to a distant seaport sometimes believed to be located in southern Spain (others identified it as Carthage in North Africa). In any event it represents here a distant, rich, and exotic port which was a trading partner of Tyre.
[27:14] 82 tn The way in which these horses may have been distinguished from other horses is unknown. Cf. ASV “war-horses” (NASB, NIV, NRSV, CEV all similar); NLT “chariot horses.”
[27:15] 83 tn Heb “sons of Dedan.”
[27:15] 84 tn Heb “they returned as your gift.”
[27:16] 85 tc Many Hebrew
[27:17] 86 sn The location is mentioned in Judg 11:33.
[27:19] 87 tc The MT leaves v. 18 as an incomplete sentence and begins v. 19 with “and Dan and Javan (Ionia) from Uzal.” The LXX mentions “wine.” The translation follows an emendation assuming some confusions of vav and yod. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:82.
[27:19] 88 sn According to L. C. Allen (Ezekiel [WBC], 2:82), Izal was located between Haran and the Tigris and was famous for its wine.
[27:25] 89 tn Or perhaps “Large merchant ships.” The expression “ships of Tarshish” may describe a class of vessel, that is, large oceangoing merchant ships.
[27:27] 90 tn Heb “your repairers of damage.” See v. 9.
[27:28] 91 tn Compare this phrase to Isa 57:20 and Amos 8:8. See M. Greenberg, Ezekiel (AB), 2:561.
[27:30] 92 tn Heb “make heard over you with their voice.”
[27:30] 93 tn Note a similar expression to “roll in the ashes” in Mic 1:10.
[27:31] 94 tn Heb “and they will weep concerning you with bitterness of soul, (with) bitter mourning.”
[27:32] 95 tn As it stands, the meaning of the Hebrew text is unclear. The translation follows the suggestion of M. Dahood, “Accadian-Ugaritic dmt in Ezekiel 27:32,” Bib 45 (1964): 83-84. Several other explanations and emendations have been offered. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:83, and D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:85-86, for a list of options.
[27:34] 97 tn Heb “in the midst of you.”
[28:2] 98 tn Or “ruler” (NIV, NCV).
[28:2] 100 tn Or “I am divine.”
[28:2] 101 tn Heb “and you made your heart (mind) like the heart (mind) of gods.”
[28:3] 102 sn Or perhaps “Danel” (so TEV), referring to a ruler known from Canaanite legend. See the note on “Daniel” in 14:14. A reference to Danel (preserved in legend at Ugarit, near the northern end of the Phoenician coast) makes more sense here when addressing Tyre than in 14:14.
[28:3] 103 sn The tone here is sarcastic, reflecting the ruler’s view of himself.
[28:6] 105 tn Heb “because of your making your heart like the heart of gods.”
[28:7] 106 sn This is probably a reference to the Babylonians.
[28:7] 107 tn Heb “they will draw their swords against the beauty of your wisdom.”
[28:8] 108 tn Heb “you will die the death of the slain.”
[28:10] 109 sn The Phoenicians practiced circumcision, so the language here must be figurative, indicating that they would be treated in a disgraceful manner. Uncircumcised peoples were viewed as inferior, unclean, and perhaps even sub-human. See 31:18 and 32:17-32, as well as the discussion in D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:99.
[28:12] 111 tn For a discussion of possible nuances of this phrase, see M. Greenberg, Ezekiel (AB), 2:580-81.
[28:13] 112 sn The imagery of the lament appears to draw upon an extrabiblical Eden tradition about the expulsion of the first man (see v. 14 and the note there) from the garden due to his pride. The biblical Eden tradition speaks of cherubs placed as guardians at the garden entrance following the sin of Adam and Eve (Gen 3:24), but no guardian cherub like the one described in verse 14 is depicted or mentioned in the biblical account. Ezekiel’s imagery also appears to reflect Mesopotamian and Canaanite mythology at certain points. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:119-20.
[28:13] 113 tn The exact identification of each gemstone is uncertain. The list should be compared to that of the priest in Exod 28:17-20, which lists twelve stones in rows of three. The LXX apparently imports the Exod 28 list. See reference to the types of stones in L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:91.
[28:14] 114 tn Or “winged”; see L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:91.
[28:14] 115 tn The meaning of this phrase in Hebrew is uncertain. The word translated here “guards” occurs in Exod 25:20 in reference to the cherubim “covering” the ark.
[28:14] 116 tn Heb “you (were) an anointed cherub that covers and I placed you.” In the Hebrew text the ruler of Tyre is equated with a cherub, and the verb “I placed you” is taken with what follows (“on the holy mountain of God”). However, this reading is problematic. The pronoun “you” at the beginning of verse 14 is feminine singular in the Hebrew text; elsewhere in this passage the ruler of Tyre is addressed with masculine singular forms. It is possible that the pronoun is a rare (see Deut 5:24; Num 11:15) or defectively written (see 1 Sam 24:19; Neh 9:6; Job 1:10; Ps 6:3; Eccl 7:22) masculine form, but it is more likely that the form should be repointed as the preposition “with” (see the LXX). In this case the ruler of Tyre is compared to the first man, not to a cherub. If this emendation is accepted, then the verb “I placed you” belongs with what precedes and concludes the first sentence in the verse. It is noteworthy that the verbs in the second and third lines of the verse also appear at the end of the sentence in the Hebrew text. The presence of a conjunction at the beginning of “I placed you” is problematic for the proposal, but it may reflect a later misunderstanding of the syntax of the verse. For a defense of the proposed emendation, see L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:91.
[28:16] 118 tn Heb “they filled your midst with violence.”
[28:16] 119 tn Heb “I defiled you.” The presence of the preposition “from” following the verb indicates that a verb of motion is implied as well. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:91.
[28:16] 120 tn Heb “and I expelled you, O guardian cherub.” The Hebrew text takes the verb as first person and understands “guardian cherub” as a vocative, in apposition to the pronominal suffix on the verb. However, if the emendation in verse 14a is accepted (see the note above), then one may follow the LXX here as well and emend the verb to a third person perfect. In this case the subject of the verb is the guardian cherub. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:91.
[28:21] 121 tn Heb “set your face against.”
[28:21] 122 sn Sidon was located 25 miles north of Tyre.
[28:21] map For location see Map1 A1; JP3 F3; JP4 F3.
[28:22] 123 tn Or “I challenge you.” The phrase “I am against you” may be a formula for challenging someone to combat or a duel. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 1:201-2, and P. Humbert, “Die Herausforderungsformel ‘h!nn#n' ?l?K>,’” ZAW 45 (1933): 101-8.
[28:22] 124 tn Or “reveal my holiness.” God’s “holiness” is fundamentally his transcendence as sovereign ruler of the world. The revelation of his authority and power through judgment is in view in this context.
[28:23] 125 tn Heb “into it”; the referent of the feminine pronoun has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[28:23] 126 tn Heb “by a sword against it.”
[28:24] 127 sn Similar language is used in reference to Israel’s adversaries in Num 33:55; Josh 23:13.
[28:24] 128 tn Heb “and there will not be for the house of Israel a brier that pricks and a thorn that inflicts pain from all the ones who surround them, the ones who scorn them.”
[28:25] 129 tn Or “reveal my holiness.” See verse 22.
[28:26] 130 sn This promise was given in Lev 25:18-19.
[29:1] 131 tn January 7, 587
[29:2] 132 tn Heb “set your face against.”
[29:3] 133 tn Or “I challenge you.” The phrase “I am against you” may be a formula for challenging someone to combat or a duel. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 1:201-2, and P. Humbert, “Die Herausforderungsformel ‘h!nn#n' ?l?K>,’” ZAW 45 (1933): 101-8.
[29:3] 134 tn Heb “jackals,” but many medieval Hebrew
[29:3] 135 sn In Egyptian theology Pharaoh owned and controlled the Nile. See J. D. Currid, Ancient Egypt and the Old Testament, 240-44.
[29:5] 136 tc Some Hebrew
[29:6] 137 sn Compare Isa 36:6.
[29:7] 138 tn The Hebrew consonantal text (Kethib) has “by your hand,” but the marginal reading (Qere) has simply “by the hand.” The LXX reads “with their hand.”
[29:7] 139 tn Or perhaps “dislocated.”
[29:7] 140 tn Heb “you caused to stand for them all their hips.” An emendation which switches two letters but is supported by the LXX yields the reading “you caused all their hips to shake.” See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:103. In 2 Kgs 18:21 and Isa 36:6 trusting in the Pharaoh is compared to leaning on a staff. The oracle may reflect Hophra’s attempt to aid Jerusalem (Jer 37:5-8).
[29:8] 141 tn Heb “I will cut off from you.”
[29:10] 142 tn Or “I challenge you.” The phrase “I am against you” may be a formula for challenging someone to combat or a duel. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 1:201-2, and P. Humbert, “Die Herausforderungsformel ‘h!nn#n' ?l?K>,’” ZAW 45 (1933): 101-8.
[29:10] 143 sn This may refer to a site in the Egyptian Delta which served as a refuge for Jews (Jer 44:1; 46:14).
[29:10] 144 sn Syene is known today as Aswan.
[29:13] 145 sn In Ezek 4:4-8 it was said that the house of Judah would suffer forty years.
[29:14] 146 tc Thus the Masoretic Text. The LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate translate as though the Hebrew read “cause to inhabit.”
[29:16] 147 tn Heb “reminding of iniquity when they turned after them.”
[29:17] 148 sn April 26, 571
[29:18] 149 tn Heb “Nebuchadrezzar” is a variant and more correct spelling of Nebuchadnezzar, as the Babylonian name Nabu-kudurri-usur has an “r” rather than an “n” (so also in v. 19).
[29:18] 150 sn Nebuchadnezzar besieged Tyre from 585 to 571
[29:18] map For location see Map1 A2; Map2 G2; Map4 A1; JP3 F3; JP4 F3.
[29:20] 151 tn Heb “for which he worked,” referring to the assault on Tyre (v. 18).
[29:21] 152 tn Heb “I will cause a horn to sprout for the house of Israel.” The horn is used as a figure for military power in the OT (Ps 92:10). A similar expression is made about the Davidic dynasty in Ps 132:17.
[29:21] 153 tn Heb “I will grant you an open mouth.”
[30:2] 154 tn Heb “Alas for the day.”
[30:3] 155 tn Heb “a day of clouds.” The expression occurs also in Joel 2:2 and Zeph 1:15; it recalls the appearance of God at Mount Sinai (Exod 19:9, 16, 18).
[30:3] 156 tn Heb “a time.” The words “of judgment” have been added in the translation for clarification (see the following verses).
[30:5] 157 tn The same expression appears in Exod 12:38; Jer 25:20; 50:37; Neh 13:3. It may refer to foreign mercenaries serving in the armies of the nations listed here.
[30:5] 159 tn The expression “sons of the covenant land” possibly refers to Jews living in Egypt (Jer 44).
[30:6] 160 tn Heb “come down.”
[30:6] 161 sn Syene is known as Aswan today.
[30:8] 162 tn Heb “all who aid her are broken.”
[30:9] 163 tn Heb “in the day of Egypt.” The word “doom” has been added in the translation to clarify the nature of this day.
[30:10] 164 tn Heb “Nebuchadrezzar” is a variant and more correct spelling of Nebuchadnezzar, as the Babylonian name Nabu-kudurri-usur has an “r” rather than an “n.”
[30:11] 165 tn The Babylonians were known for their cruelty (2 Kgs 25:7).
[30:12] 166 tn Heb “and I will sell the land into the hand of.”
[30:13] 167 tn Heb “I will put fear in the land of Egypt.”
[30:15] 168 tn Heb “Sin” (so KJV, NASB), a city commonly identified with Pelusium, a fortress on Egypt’s northeastern frontier.
[30:16] 170 tc The LXX reads “Syene,” which is Aswan in the south. The MT reads Sin, which has already been mentioned in v. 15.
[30:17] 171 sn On and Pi-beseth are generally identified with the Egyptian cities of Heliopolis and Bubastis.
[30:17] 172 tn Heb “they will go.” The pronoun and verb are feminine plural, indicating that the cities just mentioned are the antecedent of the pronoun and the subject of the verb. The translation makes this clear by stating the subject as “the cities.”
[30:18] 173 sn In Zeph 1:15 darkness is associated with the day of the
[30:20] 174 tn April 29, 587
[30:21] 175 sn The expression “breaking the arm” indicates the removal of power (Ps 10:15; 37:17; Job 38:15; Jer 48:25).
[30:21] 176 sn This may refer to the event recorded in Jer 37:5.
[30:22] 177 tn The word h!nn@h indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[30:22] 178 tn Or “I challenge you.” The phrase “I am against you” may be a formula for challenging someone to combat or a duel. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 1:201-2, and P. Humbert, “Die Herausforderungsformel ‘h!nn#n' ?l?K>,’” ZAW 45 (1933): 101-8.
[30:24] 179 tn Heb “him”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[31:1] 180 sn June 21, 587
[31:3] 181 sn Either Egypt, or the Lord compares Egypt to Assyria, which is described in vv. 3-17 through the metaphor of a majestic tree. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:185. Like Egypt, Assyria had been a great world power, but in time God brought the Assyrians down. Egypt should learn from history the lesson that no nation, no matter how powerful, can withstand the judgment of God. Rather than following the text here, some prefer to emend the proper name Assyria to a similar sounding common noun meaning “boxwood” (see Ezek 27:6), which would make a fitting parallel to “cedar of Lebanon” in the following line. In this case vv. 3-18 in their entirety refer to Egypt, not Assyria. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:121-27.
[31:3] 182 sn Lebanon was know for its cedar trees (Judg 9:15; 1 Kgs 4:33; 5:6; 2 Kgs 14:9; Ezra 3:7; Pss 29:5; 92:12; 104:16).
[31:4] 183 tn Heb “Waters made it grow; the deep made it grow tall. It (the deep) was flowing with its rivers around the place it (the tree) was planted, it (the deep) sent out its channels to all the trees of the field.”
[31:5] 184 tn Heb “when it sends forth.” Repointing the consonants of the Masoretic text would render the proposed reading “shoots” (cf. NRSV).
[31:8] 186 tn Or “cypress trees” (cf. NASB, NLT); NIV “pine trees.”
[31:11] 187 tn Heb “acting he has acted with regard to it.” The infinitive absolute precedes the main verb to emphasize the certainty and decisiveness of the action depicted.
[31:12] 188 tn Or “earth” (KJV, ASV, NASB, NIV, NRSV).
[31:12] 189 tn Heb “gone down.”
[31:13] 190 tn Heb “the beasts of the field,” referring to wild as opposed to domesticated animals.
[31:14] 192 tn Heb “and they will not stand to them in their height, all the drinkers of water.”
[31:14] 193 tn Heb “for death, to the lower earth.”
[31:14] 194 tn Heb “the sons of men.”
[31:15] 196 tn Heb “I caused lamentation.” D. I. Block (Ezekiel [NICOT], 2:194-95) proposes an alternative root which would give the meaning “I gated back the waters,” i.e., shut off the water supply.
[31:16] 197 sn For the expression “going down to the pit,” see Ezek 26:20; 32:18, 24, 29.
[32:1] 199 sn This would be March 3, 585
[32:2] 200 tn The lion was a figure of royalty (Ezek 19:1-9).
[32:2] 201 tc The Hebrew reads “their streams”; the LXX reads “your streams.”
[32:3] 202 tn The expression “throw my net” is common in Ezekiel (12:13; 17:20; 19:8).
[32:4] 206 tn Heb “the beasts of the field,” referring to wild as opposed to domesticated animals.
[32:5] 207 tc The Hebrew text is difficult here, apparently meaning “your height.” Following Symmachus and the Syriac, it is preferable to emend the text to read “your maggots.” See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:203.
[32:7] 209 tn Heb “will not shine its light.” For similar features of cosmic eschatology, see Joel 2:10; 4:15; Amos 5:18-20; Zeph 1:5.
[32:9] 210 tn Heb “I will provoke the heart of.”
[32:11] 211 sn The king of Babylon referred to here was Nebuchadnezzar (Ezek 21:19).
[32:11] 212 tn Heb “approach.”
[32:13] 214 tn Heb “them,” that is, the waters mentioned in the previous line. The translation clarifies the referent.
[32:14] 215 tn Heb “sink,” that is, to settle and become clear, not muddied.
[32:17] 216 tn March 17, 585
[32:18] 217 tn The Hebrew verb is used as a response to death (Jer 9:17-19; Amos 5:16).
[32:18] 218 sn Through this prophetic lament given by God himself, the prophet activates the judgment described therein. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:217, and L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:136-37.
[32:18] 219 tn Heb “Bring him down, her and the daughters of the powerful nations, to the earth below.” The verb “bring down” appears in the Hebrew text only once. Because the verb takes several objects here, the repetition of the verb in the translation improves the English style.
[32:18] 220 tn This apparently refers to personified Egypt.
[32:19] 221 tc The LXX places this verse after v. 21.
[32:19] tn The words “say to them” are added in the translation for clarity to indicate the shift in addressee from the prophet to Egypt.
[32:19] 222 tn Heb “pleasantness.”
[32:22] 223 tn Heb “around him his graves.” The masculine pronominal suffixes are problematic; the expression is best emended to correspond to the phrase “around her grave” in v. 23. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:219.
[32:22] 224 tn Heb “all of them slain, the ones felled by the sword.” See as well vv. 23-24.
[32:23] 226 tn The only other occurrence of the phrase “remote slopes of the pit” is in Isa 14:15.
[32:25] 227 tn Heb “around him her graves,” but the expression is best emended to read “around her grave” (see vv. 23-24).
[32:26] 228 tn Heb “around him her graves,” but the expression is best emended to read “around her grave” (see vv. 23-24).
[32:27] 229 tc Heb “of the uncircumcised.” The LXX reads, probably correctly, “from of old” rather than “of the uncircumcised.” The phrases are very similar in spelling. The warriors of Meshech-Tubal are described as uncircumcised, so it would be odd for them to not be buried with the uncircumcised. Verse 28 specifically says that they would lie with the uncircumcised.
[32:27] 230 tn Heb “and their iniquities were over their bones.” The meaning of this statement is unclear; in light of the parallelism (see “swords”) it is preferable to emend “their iniquities” to “their swords.” See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:135.
[33:2] 231 tn Heb “sons of your people.”
[33:3] 232 tn Heb “shofar,” a ram’s horn rather than a brass instrument (so throughout the chapter).
[33:3] 233 tn Sounding the trumpet was a warning of imminent danger (Neh 4:18-20; Jer 4:19; Amos 3:6).
[33:4] 234 tn Heb “his blood will be on his own head.”
[33:5] 235 tn Heb “his blood will be on him.”
[33:6] 236 tn Or “in his punishment.” The phrase “in/for [a person’s] iniquity/punishment” occurs fourteen times in Ezekiel: here and in vv. 8 and 9; 3:18, 19; 4:17; 7:13, 16; 18: 17, 18, 19, 20; 24:23; 39:23. The Hebrew word for “iniquity” may also mean the “punishment” for iniquity or “guilt” of iniquity.
[33:6] 237 tn Heb “his blood from the hand of the watchman I will seek.”
[33:7] 238 sn Jeremiah (Jer 6:17) and Habakkuk (Hab 2:1) also served in the role of a watchman.
[33:8] 239 tn The same expression occurs in Gen 2:17.
[33:8] 240 tn Heb “and you do not speak to warn.”
[33:8] 242 tn Heb “and his blood from your hand I will seek.”
[33:9] 243 tn Heb “from his way to turn from it.”
[33:9] 244 tn Heb “and he does not turn from his way.”
[33:10] 245 tn Heb “(are) upon us.”
[33:11] 246 tn Heb “turn from his way.”
[33:11] 247 tn Heb “ways.” This same word is translated “behavior” earlier in the verse.
[33:12] 248 tn Heb “the sons of your people.”
[33:12] 249 tn Heb “in the day of his rebellion.” The statement envisions a godly person rejecting what is good and becoming sinful. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:247-48.
[33:12] 250 tn Heb “and the wickedness of the wicked, he will not stumble in it in the day of his turning from his wickedness.”
[33:12] 252 tn Heb “in the day of his sin.”
[33:15] 253 tn Heb “the wicked one.”
[33:15] 254 tn Heb “and in the statutes of life he walks.”
[33:16] 255 tn Heb “remembered.”
[33:17] 256 tn Heb “the sons of your people.”
[33:17] 258 tn The Hebrew verb translated “is (not) right” has the basic meaning of “to measure.” For a similar concept, see Ezek 18:25, 29.
[33:21] 260 tn January 19, 585
[33:21] 261 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[33:22] 263 tn The other occurrences of the phrase “the hand of the
[33:22] 264 tn Heb “he”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[33:22] 265 tn Heb “by the time of the arrival to me.” For clarity the translation specifies the refugee as the one who arrived.
[33:22] 266 sn Ezekiel’s God-imposed muteness was lifted (see 3:26).
[33:24] 267 sn Outside of its seven occurrences in Ezekiel the term translated “possession” appears only in Exod 6:8 and Deut 33:4.
[33:25] 268 sn This practice was a violation of Levitical law (see Lev 19:26).
[33:25] 269 tn Heb “lift up your eyes.”
[33:25] 270 tn Heb “Will you possess?”
[33:29] 273 sn The judgments of vv. 27-29 echo the judgments of Lev 26:22, 25.
[33:30] 274 tn Heb “sons of your people.”
[33:30] 275 tn Heb “one to one, a man to his brother.”
[33:30] 276 tn Heb “comes out.”
[33:31] 277 tn Heb “as people come.” Apparently this is an idiom indicating that they come in crowds. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:264.
[33:31] 278 tn The word “as” is supplied in the translation.
[33:31] 280 tn Heb “They do lust with their mouths.”
[33:31] 281 tn Heb “goes after.”
[33:31] 282 tn The present translation understands the term often used for “unjust gain” in a wider sense, following M. Greenberg, who also notes that the LXX uses a term which can describe either sexual or ritual pollution. See M. Greenberg, Ezekiel (AB), 2:687.
[33:32] 283 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[33:32] 284 tn Heb “one who makes playing music well.”
[33:32] 285 sn Similar responses are found in Isa 29:13; Matt 21:28-32; James 1:22-25.
[33:33] 286 tn Heb “behold it is coming.”
[34:2] 287 tn The term shepherd is applied to kings in the ancient Near East. In the OT the
[34:4] 288 tn The term translated “harshness” is used to describe the oppression the Israelites suffered as slaves in Egypt (Exod 1:13).
[34:5] 289 tn As a case of dittography, the MT repeats “and they were scattered” at the end of the verse.
[34:10] 290 tn Heb “I will cause them to cease from feeding sheep.”
[34:12] 291 sn The imagery may reflect the overthrow of the Israelites by the Babylonians in 587/6
[34:23] 294 sn The messianic king is here called “David” (see Jer 30:9 and Hos 3:5, as well as Isa 11:1 and Mic 5:2) because he will fulfill the Davidic royal ideal depicted in the prophets and royal psalms (see Ps 2, 89).
[34:24] 295 sn The messianic king (“David”) is called both “king” and “prince” in 37:24-25. The use of the term “prince” for this king facilitates the contrast between this ideal ruler and the Davidic “princes” denounced in earlier prophecies (see 7:27; 12:10, 12; 19:1; 21:25; 22:6, 25).
[34:25] 296 tn The phrase “live securely” occurs in Ezek 28:26; 38:8, 11, 14; 39:26 as an expression of freedom from fear. It is a promised blessing resulting from obedience (see Lev 26:5-6).
[34:25] 297 sn The woods were typically considered to be places of danger (Ps 104:20-21; Jer 5:6).
[34:26] 298 tn Heb “showers of blessing.” Abundant rain, which in turn produces fruit and crops (v. 27), is a covenantal blessing for obedience (Lev 26:4).
[34:29] 299 tc The MT reads לְשֵׁם (lÿshem, “for a name”), meaning perhaps a renowned planting (place). The translation takes this to be a metathesis of שָׁלֹם (shalom) as was read by the LXX.
[34:29] 300 tn Heb “those gathered” for famine.
[34:30] 301 sn A promise given to Abraham (Gen 15:7) and his descendants (Gen 15:8; Exod 6:7).
[34:30] 302 sn The blessings described in vv. 25-30 are those promised for obedience in Lev 26:4-13.
[34:31] 303 tn Heb, “the sheep of my pasture, you are human.” See 36:37-38 for a similar expression. The possessive pronoun “my” is supplied in the translation to balance “I am your God” in the next clause.
[35:2] 304 tn Heb “set your face against.”
[35:2] 305 sn Mount Seir is to be identified with Edom (Ezek 35:15), home of Esau’s descendants (Gen 25:21-30).
[35:5] 306 tn Or “gave over…to the power of the sword.” This phrase also occurs in Jer 18:21 and Ps 63:10.
[35:7] 307 tc The translation reads with some manuscripts לְשִׁמְמָה וּמְשַׁמָּה (lÿshimmah umÿshammah, “desolate ruin”) as in verse 3 and often in Ezekiel. The majority reading reverses the first mem (מ) with the shin (שׁ) resulting in the repetition of the word desolate: לְשִׁמְמָה וּשְׁמָמָה (lÿshimmah ushÿmamah).
[35:10] 309 sn The reference is to Israel and Judah.
[35:13] 311 tn Heb “your mouth.”
[35:13] 312 tn Heb “and you multiplied against me your words.” The Hebrew verb occurs only here and in Prov 27:6, where it refers to the “excessive” kisses of an enemy. The basic idea of the verb appears to be “to be abundant.” Here it occurs in the causative (Hiphil) stem.
[36:2] 313 tn Or “high places.”
[36:3] 314 tn Heb “lip of the tongue.”
[36:7] 315 tn Heb “I lifted up my hand.”
[36:8] 316 tn Heb “they draw near to arrive.”
[36:9] 317 tn Heb “I (am) toward you.”
[36:10] 318 tn Heb “I will multiply on you human(s).”
[36:11] 319 sn These verbs occur together in Gen 1:22, 28; 9:1.
[36:11] 320 tn Heb “your beginning.”
[36:15] 321 tn Heb “cause you to hear.”
[36:15] 322 tc The MT reads תַכְשִׁלִי (takhshiliy), a metathesis for תַשְׁכִלִי (tashkhiliy) from the root שָׁכַל (shakhal) which is used in each of the previous verses.
[36:18] 324 sn See Ezek 7:8; 9:8; 14:19; 20:8, 13, 21; 22:22; 30:15.
[36:18] 325 sn For the concept of defiling the land in legal literature, see Lev 18:28; Deut 21:23.
[36:22] 327 sn In Ezek 20:22 God refrained from punishment for the sake of his holy name. Here God’s reputation is the basis for Israel’s restoration.
[36:23] 328 tn Or “sanctify,” Heb “make holy.”
[36:25] 329 sn The Lord here uses a metaphor from the realm of ritual purification. For the use of water in ritual cleansing, see Exod 30:19-20; Lev 14:51; Num 19:18; Heb 10:22.
[36:26] 330 sn That is, a heart which symbolizes a will that is stubborn and unresponsive (see 1 Sam 25:37). In Rabbinic literature a “stone” was associated with an evil inclination (b. Sukkah 52a).
[36:26] 331 sn That is, a heart which symbolizes a will that is responsive and obedient to God.
[36:27] 332 tn Or “in the midst of you.” The word “you” is plural.
[36:27] 333 tn Heb “and I will do that which in my statutes you will walk.” The awkward syntax (verb “to do, act” + accusative sign + relative clause + prepositional phrase + second person verb) is unique, though Eccl 3:14 contains a similar construction. In the last line of that verse we read that “God acts so that (relative pronoun) they fear before him.” However, unlike Ezek 36:27, the statement has no accusative sign before the relative pronoun.
[36:27] 334 tn Heb “and my laws you will guard and you will do them.” Jer 31:31-34 is parallel to this passage.
[36:28] 335 sn This promise reflects the ancient covenantal ideal (see Exod 6:7).
[36:32] 337 tn Heb “Let it be known.”
[36:37] 338 tn The Niphal verb may have a tolerative function here, “Again (for) this I will allow myself to be sought by the house of Israel to act for them.” Or it may be reflexive: “I will reveal myself to the house of Israel by doing this also.”
[36:37] 339 sn Heb “I will multiply them like sheep, human(s).”
[36:38] 340 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[37:1] sn Hand in the OT can refer metaphorically to power, authority, or influence. In Ezekiel God’s hand being on the prophet is regularly associated with communication or a vision from God (3:14, 22; 8:1; 37:1; 40:1).
[37:1] 342 tn Heb “caused me to rest.”
[37:2] 343 tn Heb “and he made me pass over them, around, around.”
[37:2] 344 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and is here translated as “I realized” because it results from Ezekiel’s recognition of the situation around him. In Hebrew, the exclamation is repeated in the following sentence.
[37:5] 345 tn Heb “I am about to bring a spirit.”
[37:6] 346 tn The exact physiological meaning of the term is uncertain. In addition to v. 8, the term occurs only in Gen 32:33; Job 10:11; 40:17; and Jer 48:4.
[37:7] 348 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[37:8] 349 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[37:9] 352 tn Or “spirit,” and several times in this verse.
[37:14] 353 tn Or “spirit.” This is likely an allusion to Gen 2 and God’s breath which creates life.
[37:17] 354 tn Heb “bring near.”
[37:17] 355 tn Heb “one to one for you for one stick.”
[37:18] 356 tn Heb “the sons of your people.”
[37:19] 357 tn Heb “I will place them on it, that is, on the stick of Judah.”
[37:19] 358 sn The reunification of Israel and Judah is envisioned as well in Ezek 33:23, 29; Jer 3:18; 23:5-6; Hos 1:11; Amos 9:11.
[37:22] 359 sn Jeremiah also attested to the reuniting of the northern and southern kingdoms (Jer 3:12, 14; 31:2-6).
[37:23] 360 tc Heb “their dwellings.” The text as it stands does not make sense. Based on the LXX, a slight emendation of two vowels, including a mater, yields the reading “from their turning,” a reference here to their turning from God and deviating from his commandments. See BDB 1000 s.v. מְשׁוּבָה, and D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:407.
[37:24] 361 tn Heb “walk [in].”
[37:24] 362 tn Heb “and my statutes they will guard and they will do them.”
[37:26] 363 sn See Isa 24:5; 55:3; 61:8; Jer 32:40; 50:5; Ezek 16:60, for other references to perpetual covenants.
[37:26] 364 tn Heb “give them.”
[37:28] 365 sn The sanctuary of Israel becomes the main focus of Ezek 40-48.
[38:2] 366 tn Heb “set your face against.”
[38:2] 367 sn This may refer to a Lydian king in western Asia Minor in the seventh century
[38:2] 368 sn One of the sons of Japheth according to Gen 10:2; 1 Chr 1:5.
[38:2] 369 tn Heb “the prince, the chief of Meshech and Tubal.” Some translate “the prince of Rosh, Meshech and Tubal,” but it is more likely that the Hebrew noun in question is a common noun in apposition to “prince,” rather than a proper name. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:434-35. As Block demonstrates, attempts by some popular writers to identify these proper names with later geographical sites in Russia are anachronistic. See as well E. Yamauchi, Foes From the Northern Frontier, 19-27.
[38:2] sn Meshech and Tubal were two nations in Cappadocia of Asia Minor. They were also sons of Japheth (Gen 10:2; 1 Chr 1:5).
[38:3] 370 tn Or “I challenge you.” The phrase “I am against you” may be a formula for challenging someone to combat or a duel. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 1:201-2, and P. Humbert, “Die Herausforderungsformel ‘h!nn#n' ?l?K>,’” ZAW 45 (1933): 101-8.
[38:4] 371 sn The Hebrew text mentions two different types of shields here.
[38:5] 372 tn D. I. Block prefers to see the Hebrew word as referring here to a western ally of Egypt or as an alternative spelling for Pathros, that is, Upper Egypt. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:439-40.
[38:6] 374 tn The words “they are joined by” are added in the translation for purposes of English style.
[38:6] 375 sn The seven-nation coalition represents the north (Meshech, Tubal, Gomer, Beth-Togarmah), the south/west (Ethiopia, Put) and the east (Persia). The use of the sevenfold list suggests completeness. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:441.
[38:7] 376 tn The second person singular verbal and pronominal forms in the Hebrew text indicate that Gog is addressed here.
[38:8] 377 tn Heb “from the sword.”
[38:10] 380 tn Heb “words will go up upon your heart.”
[38:11] 381 tn Heb “go up against.”
[38:11] 382 tn Heb “come (to).”
[38:12] 383 tn Heb “to turn your hand against.”
[38:12] 384 tn The Hebrew term occurs elsewhere only in Judg 9:37. Perhaps it means “high point, top.”
[38:13] 385 tn Heb “young lions.”
[38:14] 386 tn The Hebrew text is framed as a rhetorical question: “will you not take notice?”
[38:16] 388 tn Or “reveal my holiness.”
[38:17] 389 tn Heb “by the hand of my servants.”
[38:17] 390 tn The Hebrew text adds “years” here, but this is probably a scribal gloss on the preceding phrase. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:201.
[38:18] 391 tn Heb “goes up against.”
[38:19] 392 sn The phrase “in the fire of my fury” occurs in Ezek 21:31; 22:21, 31.
[38:20] 395 tn The term occurs only here and in Song of Songs 2:14.
[38:21] 397 tn Heb “him”; the referent (Gog, cf. v. 18) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[39:2] 398 tn The Hebrew root occurs only here in the OT. An apparent cognate in the Ethiopic language means “walk along.” For a discussion of the research on this verb, see D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:460.
[39:7] 399 sn The basic sense of the word “holy” is “set apart from that which is commonplace, special, unique.” The
[39:9] 400 tn Heb “burn and kindle the weapons.”
[39:9] 401 tn Two different types of shields are specified in the Hebrew text.
[39:10] 402 tn Heb “they will not carry.”
[39:10] 403 tn Heb “loot their looters and plunder their plunderers.”
[39:11] 404 tn The name means “horde of Gog.”
[39:12] 405 tn Heb “the house of Israel.”
[39:14] 407 tn Heb “men of perpetuity.”
[39:14] 408 tn Heb “and bury the travelers and those who remain on the surface of the ground.” The reference to “travelers” seems odd and is omitted in the LXX. It is probably an accidental duplication (see v. 11).
[39:15] 409 tn Heb “as the scouts scout.”
[39:15] 410 tn That is, the aforementioned bone.
[39:16] 411 tn This name appears to be a feminine form of the word “horde,” used in the name Hamon-Gog.
[39:17] 412 tn Or “sacrifice” (so also in the rest of this verse).
[39:18] 413 sn See Rev 19:17-18.
[39:19] 414 sn Eating the fat and drinking blood were God’s exclusive rights in Israelite sacrifices (Lev 3:17).
[39:19] 415 tn Or “sacrifice” (so also in the rest of this verse).
[39:20] 416 tn Heb “chariots.”
[39:21] 418 tn Heb “my hand which I have placed.”
[39:23] 419 tn Or “in their punishment.” The phrase “in/for [a person’s] iniquity/punishment” occurs fourteen times in Ezekiel: here; 3:18, 19; 4:17; 7:13, 16; 18: 17, 18, 19, 20; 24:23; 33:6, 8, 9. The Hebrew word for “iniquity” may also mean the “punishment” for iniquity or “guilt” of iniquity.
[39:25] 420 tn Heb “cause to return.”
[39:28] 421 tn Heb “there,” referring to the foreign nations to which they were exiled. The translation makes the referent clear.
[39:29] 422 sn See Ezek 11:19; 37:14.
[40:1] 423 sn That is, Jerusalem.
[40:1] 424 tn April 19, 573
[40:1] sn Hand in the OT can refer metaphorically to power, authority, or influence. In Ezekiel God’s hand being on the prophet is regularly associated with communication or a vision from God (3:14, 22; 8:1; 37:1; 40:1).
[40:1] 426 sn That is, to the land of Israel (see v. 2).
[40:2] 427 tn The expression introduces the three major visions of Ezekiel (1:1; 8:3; 40:2).
[40:2] 428 tn The reference to a very high mountain is harmonious with Isa 2:2.
[40:3] 429 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[40:4] 430 tn Heb “look with your eyes, hear with your ears, and set your mind on.”
[40:4] 431 tn Heb “in order to show (it) to you.”
[40:5] 432 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[40:5] 434 tn Heb “a measuring stick of six cubits, [each] a cubit and a handbreadth.” The measuring units here and in the remainder of this section are the Hebrew “long” cubit, consisting of a cubit (about 18 inches or 45 cm) and a handbreadth (about 3 inches or 7.5 cm), for a total of 21 inches (52.5 cm). Therefore the measuring stick in the man’s hand was 10.5 feet (3.15 meters) long. Because modern readers are not familiar with the cubit as a unit of measurement, and due to the additional complication of the “long” cubit as opposed to the regular cubit, all measurements have been converted to American standard feet and inches, with the Hebrew measurements and the metric equivalents given in the notes.
[40:5] 436 tn Heb “one rod [or “reed”]” (also a second time in this verse, twice in v. 6, three times in v. 7, and once in v. 8).
[40:6] 437 tn The Hebrew text adds “the one threshold 10½ feet deep.” This is probably an accidental duplication of what precedes. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:517.
[40:7] 438 tn Heb “five cubits” (i.e., 2.625 meters) according to the “long” cubit. See the note on the first occurrence of the phrase “10½ feet” in v. 5.
[40:9] 439 tn Heb “eight cubits” (i.e., 4.2 meters).
[40:9] 440 tn Heb “two cubits” (i.e., 1.05 meters).
[40:10] 441 sn The three alcoves are parallel to the city gates found at Megiddo, Hazor, and Gezer.
[40:11] 442 tn Heb “ten cubits” (i.e., 5.25 meters).
[40:11] 443 tn Heb “thirteen cubits” (i.e., 6.825 meters).
[40:12] 444 tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm).
[40:12] 445 tn Heb “six cubits” (i.e., 3.15 meters).
[40:13] 446 tn Heb “twenty-five cubits” (i.e., 13.125 meters).
[40:14] 448 tc The MT reads “jambs” which does not make sense in context. Supposing a confusion of yod for vav, the text may be emended to read “porch.” See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:518.
[40:14] 449 tn Heb “sixty cubits” (i.e., 31.5 meters).
[40:14] 450 tn The word “high” is not in the Hebrew text but is supplied for sense.
[40:15] 451 tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).
[40:16] 452 sn Decorative palm trees were also a part of Solomon’s temple (1 Kgs 6:29, 32, 35).
[40:17] 453 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[40:19] 454 tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).
[40:21] 455 tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).
[40:21] 456 tn Heb “twenty-five cubits” (i.e., 13.125 meters).
[40:23] 457 tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).
[40:24] 458 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[40:25] 459 tn Heb “as these windows.”
[40:25] 460 tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).
[40:25] 461 tn Heb “twenty-five cubits” (i.e., 13.125 meters).
[40:27] 462 tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).
[40:29] 463 tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).
[40:29] 464 tn Heb “twenty-five cubits” (i.e., 13.125 meters).
[40:30] 465 tn Heb “twenty-five cubits” (i.e., 13.125 meters).
[40:30] 466 tn Heb “five cubits” (i.e., 2.625 meters).
[40:33] 467 tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).
[40:33] 468 tn Heb “twenty-five cubits” (i.e., 13.125 meters).
[40:36] 469 tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).
[40:36] 470 tn Heb “twenty-five cubits” (i.e., 13.125 meters).
[40:37] 471 tc The LXX reads “porches.”
[40:38] 472 tc The MT reads “jambs of the gates” which does not make sense in a context discussing one chamber. The emendation to “porch” is similar to v. 14. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:530.
[40:42] 473 tn Heb “one and a half cubits” (i.e., 78.75 cm).
[40:42] 474 tn Heb “one and a half cubits” (i.e., 78.75 cm).
[40:42] 475 tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm).
[40:43] 476 tc This reading is supported by the Aramaic Targum. The LXX, Vulgate, and Syriac read “shelves” or some type of projection.
[40:43] 477 tn Heb “one handbreadth” (7.5 cm).
[40:44] 478 tn “One” is not in the Hebrew text but is supplied for clarity in the translation.
[40:44] 479 tc This reading is supported by the LXX; the MT reads “east.”
[40:45] 480 tn Heb “the house.”
[40:47] 481 tn Heb “one hundred cubits long and one hundred cubits wide, a square” (i.e., 52.5 meters by 52.5 meters).
[40:48] 482 tn Heb “five cubits” (i.e., 2.625 meters).
[40:48] 483 tn The LXX reads “fourteen cubits” (i.e., 7.35 meters). See following note.
[40:48] 484 tc The translation follows the LXX. The MT reads “the width of the gate was three cubits,” the omission due to haplography.
[40:48] tn Or “sidewalls.”
[40:48] 485 tn Heb “three cubits” (i.e., 1.575 meters).
[40:49] 486 tn Heb “twenty cubits” (i.e., 10.5 meters).
[40:49] 487 tn Heb “eleven cubits” (i.e., 5.775 meters).
[40:49] 488 tc The LXX reads “ten steps.”
[41:1] 489 tn Heb “six cubits” (i.e., 3.15 meters).
[41:2] 490 tn Heb “ten cubits” (i.e., 5.25 meters).
[41:2] 491 tc The translation follows the LXX. The MT reads “the width of the gate was three cubits,” the omission due to haplography.
[41:2] tn Or “sidewalls.”
[41:2] 492 tn Heb “five cubits” (i.e., 2.625 meters).
[41:2] 493 tn Heb “forty cubits” (i.e., 21 meters).
[41:2] 494 tn Heb “twenty cubits” (i.e., 10.5 meters).
[41:3] 495 tn Heb “two cubits” (i.e., 1.05 meters).
[41:3] 496 tn Heb “six cubits” (i.e., 3.15 meters).
[41:3] 497 tn Heb “seven cubits” (i.e., 3.675 meters).
[41:4] 498 tn Heb “twenty cubits” (i.e., 10.5 meters).
[41:4] 499 tn Heb “twenty cubits” (i.e., 10.5 meters).
[41:5] 500 tn Heb “house” throughout Ezek 41.
[41:5] 501 tn Heb “six cubits” (i.e., 3.15 meters).
[41:5] 502 tn Heb “four cubits” (2.1 meters).
[41:7] 503 tc The Hebrew is difficult here. The Targum envisions a winding ramp or set of stairs, which entails reading the first word as a noun rather than a verb and reading the second word also not as a verb, supposing that an initial mem has been read as vav and nun. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:549.
[41:7] 504 tn The Hebrew term occurs only here in the OT.
[41:8] 506 tn Heb “six cubits” (i.e., 3.15 meters).
[41:9] 507 tn Heb “five cubits” (i.e., 2.625 meters).
[41:10] 508 tn Heb “twenty cubits” (i.e., 10.5 meters).
[41:11] 509 tn Heb “five cubits” (i.e., 2.625 meters).
[41:12] 510 tn Heb “seventy cubits” (36.75 meters).
[41:12] 511 tn Heb “five cubits” (i.e., 2.625 meters).
[41:12] 512 tn Heb “ninety cubits” (i.e., 47.25 meters).
[41:13] 513 tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).
[41:13] 514 tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).
[41:14] 515 tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).
[41:15] 516 tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).
[41:15] 517 tc Some Hebrew
[41:17] 518 tc The LXX does not have the word “by measurements.” The word may be a technical term referring to carpentry technique, the exact meaning of which is unclear.
[41:22] 519 tn Heb “three cubits” (i.e., 1.575 meters).
[41:22] 520 tn Heb “two cubits” (i.e., 1.05 meters).
[41:22] 521 tc So the Masoretic text. The LXX reads “base.”
[41:24] 522 tn Heb “turning” leaves.
[41:25] 523 tn Or “railings.” See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:218.
[42:2] 524 tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).
[42:2] 525 tn Heb “the door of the north.”
[42:2] 526 tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).
[42:3] 527 tn Heb “twenty cubits” (i.e., 10.5 meters).
[42:4] 528 tn Heb “ten cubits” (i.e., 5.25 meters).
[42:4] 529 tc Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm). The LXX and the Syriac read “one hundred cubits” (= 175 feet).
[42:6] 530 tn The phrase “upper chambers” is not in the Hebrew text but is supplied from the context.
[42:7] 531 tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).
[42:8] 532 tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).
[42:8] 533 tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).
[42:10] 534 tc The reading is supported by the LXX.
[42:10] 535 tc This reading is supported by the LXX; the MT reads “east.”
[42:12] 536 tc The MT apparently evidences dittography, repeating most of the last word of the previous verse: “and like the openings of.”
[42:13] 537 sn The priests are from the Zadokite family (Ezek 40:6; 44:15).
[42:16] 538 tn Heb “reed” (also in the following verses).
[42:16] 539 tn Heb “five hundred cubits” (i.e., 262.5 meters).
[43:2] 540 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[43:2] 541 sn This same title appears in 8:4; 9:3; 10:19; and 11:22.
[43:2] 542 sn Earlier Ezekiel had observed God leaving the temple to the east (11:23).
[43:2] 543 sn See Ezek 1:24; Rev 1:15; 14:2; 19:6.
[43:2] 544 tn Heb “shone from.”
[43:3] 545 tc Heb “I.” The reading is due to the confusion of yod (י, indicating a first person pronoun) and vav (ו, indicating a third person pronoun). A few medieval Hebrew
[43:5] 546 tn See note on “wind” in 2:2.
[43:5] 547 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[43:5] 548 sn In 1 Kgs 8:10-11 we find a similar event with regard to Solomon’s temple. See also Exod 40:34-35. and Isa 6:4.
[43:7] 549 sn God’s throne is mentioned in Isa 6:1; Jer 3:17.
[43:7] 550 sn See 1 Chr 28:2; Ps 99:5; 132:7; Isa 60:13; Lam 2:1.
[43:7] 551 tn Heb “by their corpses in their death.” But the term normally translated “corpses” is better understood here as a reference to funeral pillars or funerary offerings. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:583-85, and L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:257.
[43:13] 552 tn Heb “the measurements of the altar by cubits, the cubit being a cubit and a handbreadth.” The measuring units here and in the remainder of this section are the Hebrew “long” cubit, consisting of a cubit (about 18 inches or 45 cm) and a handbreadth (about 3 inches or 7.5 cm), for a total of 21 inches (52.5 cm). Because modern readers are not familiar with the cubit as a unit of measurement, and due to the additional complication of the “long” cubit as opposed to the regular cubit, all measurements have been converted to American standard feet and inches, with the Hebrew measurements and the metric equivalents given in the notes. On the altar see Ezek 40:47.
[43:13] 553 tn The Hebrew term normally means “bosom.” Here it refers to a hollow in the ground.
[43:13] 554 tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm).
[43:13] 555 tn The word “high” is not in the Hebrew text but is supplied in the translation for clarity.
[43:13] 556 tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm).
[43:13] 557 tn Heb “one span.” A span was three handbreadths, or about nine inches (i.e., 22.5 cm).
[43:13] 558 tc Heb “bulge, protuberance, mound.” The translation follows the LXX.
[43:14] 559 tn Heb “two cubits” (i.e., 1.05 meters).
[43:14] 560 tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm; the phrase occurs again later in this verse).
[43:14] 561 tn Heb “four cubits” (i.e., 2.1 meters; the phrase also occurs in the next verse).
[43:16] 562 tn The precise Hebrew word used here to refer to an “altar hearth” occurs only here in the OT.
[43:16] 563 tn Heb “twelve cubits” (i.e., 6.3 meters; the phrase occurs twice in this verse).
[43:17] 564 tn Heb “fourteen”; the word “cubits” is not in the Hebrew text but is understood from the context; the phrase occurs again later in this verse. Fourteen cubits is about 7.35 meters.
[43:17] 565 tn Heb “half a cubit” (i.e., 26.25 cm).
[43:17] 566 tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm).
[43:18] 567 sn For the “sprinkling of blood,” see Lev 1:5, 11; 8:19; 9:12.
[43:20] 568 sn Note the similar language in Lev 16:18.
[43:24] 569 sn It is likely that salt was used with sacrificial meals (Num 18:19; 2 Chr 13:5).
[43:26] 570 tn Heb “fill its hands.”
[43:27] 571 tn Heb “and they will complete the days.”
[43:27] 572 sn The people also could partake of the food of the peace offering (Lev 3).
[44:3] 573 tn Heb “to eat bread.”
[44:4] 574 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[44:5] 575 tn Heb “set your heart” (so also in the latter part of the verse).
[44:5] 576 tn Heb “Set your mind, look with your eyes, and with your ears hear.”
[44:5] 577 tc The Syriac, Vulgate, and Targum read the plural. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:618.
[44:6] 578 tc The LXX reads “house of rebellion.”
[44:7] 579 tn Heb “to desecrate.”
[44:7] 580 tc The Greek, Syriac, and Latin versions read “you.” The Masoretic text reads “they.”
[44:8] 581 tc Instead of an energic nun (ן), the text may have read a third masculine plural suffix ם (mem), “them,” which was confused with ן (nun) in the old script. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:621.
[44:8] tn This word is not in the Hebrew text but is supplied from the context.
[44:9] 582 sn Tobiah, an Ammonite (Neh 13:8), was dismissed from the temple.
[44:10] 583 tn Heb “will bear.”
[44:12] 584 tn Heb “a stumbling block of iniquity.” This is a unique phrase of the prophet Ezekiel (cf. also Ezek 7:19; 14:3, 4, 7; 18:30).
[44:12] 585 tn Heb “I lifted up my hand.”
[44:12] 586 tn Heb “will bear.”
[44:15] 587 sn Zadok was a descendant of Aaron through Eleazar (1 Chr 6:50-53), who served as a priest during David’s reign (2 Sam 8:17).
[44:19] 588 sn For a similar concept of the transmitting of holiness, see Exod 19:12-14; Lev 10:1-2; 2 Sam 6:7. Similar laws concerning the priest are found in Lev 10 and 21.
[44:20] 589 sn The shaving of the head was associated with mourning (Ezek 7:18).
[44:20] 590 sn Letting the hair grow was associated with the taking of a vow (Num 6:5; Acts 21:23-26).
[44:22] 591 tn Heb “from the offspring of the house of Israel.”
[44:23] 592 sn This task was a fundamental role of the priest (Lev 10:10).
[44:24] 593 sn For a historical illustration of the priest carrying out this function, see 2 Chr 19:9-11.
[44:24] 594 tn Heb “sanctify, set apart.”
[44:25] 595 sn This law was part of the legal code for priests (Lev 21:1-3).
[44:26] 596 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the priest) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[44:26] 597 tc One medieval Hebrew
[44:28] 598 sn See Num 18:20; Deut 10:9; 18:2; Josh 13:33; 18:7.
[44:30] 599 tn Heb has in addition “from your contributions,” a repetition unnecessary in English.
[44:31] 600 tn The words “by a wild animal” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied in the translation as a clarification of the circumstances.
[44:31] sn For this law, see Lev 7:24; 17:15.
[45:1] 601 tn Heb “a contribution.”
[45:1] 602 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers). The measuring units here are the Hebrew “long” cubit, consisting of a cubit (about 18 inches or 45 cm) and a handbreadth (about 3 inches or 7.5 cm), for a total of 21 inches (52.5 cm). Because modern readers are not familiar with the cubit as a unit of measurement, and due to the additional complication of the “long” cubit as opposed to the regular cubit, all measurements have been converted to American standard miles (one mile = 5,280 feet), with the Hebrew measurements and the metric equivalents given in the notes.
[45:1] 603 tc The LXX reads “twenty thousand cubits.”
[45:1] tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).
[45:1] 604 tn Heb “holy it is in all its territory round about.”
[45:2] 605 tn Heb “five hundred cubits” (i.e., 262.5 meters); the phrase occurs twice in this verse.
[45:2] 606 tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).
[45:3] 607 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[45:3] 608 tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).
[45:4] 609 tc The LXX apparently understood “open land” instead of “sanctuary.”
[45:5] 610 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[45:5] 611 tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).
[45:5] 612 tc The translation follows the LXX here. The MT reads “twenty.” See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:246.
[45:6] 613 tn Heb “five thousand cubits” (i.e., 2.625 kilometers).
[45:6] 614 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[45:9] 615 sn Evictions of the less fortunate by the powerful are described in 1 Kgs 21:1-16; Jer 22:1-5, 13-17; Ezek 22:25.
[45:10] 616 sn Previous legislation regarding this practice may be found in Lev 19:35-36; Deut 25:13-16; Mic 6:10-12.
[45:10] 617 tn Heb “ephah,” which was 1/2 bushel.
[45:10] 618 tn Heb “bath,” a liquid measure, was 5 1/2 gallons.
[45:11] 619 sn The homer was about 5 bushels as a dry measure and 55 gallons as a liquid measure.
[45:12] 620 tn Heb “twenty shekels, twenty-five shekels, fifteen shekels.”
[45:24] 622 tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.
[45:24] 623 tn Heb “ephah.” The words “of grain” are supplied in the translation as a clarification.
[45:25] 624 sn That is, the Feast of Temporary Shelters, traditionally known as the Feast of Tabernacles (Exod 23:16; 34:22; Deut 16:16).
[46:1] 625 sn The east gate of the outer court was permanently closed (Ezek 44:2).
[46:5] 626 tn Or “as much as he wishes.” Heb “a gift of his hand.”
[46:5] 627 tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.
[46:6] 628 tn The phrase “he will offer” is not in the Hebrew text but is warranted from the context.
[46:7] 629 tn Heb “with the lambs as his hand can reach.”
[46:7] 630 tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.
[46:7] 631 tn Heb “ephah.” The words “of grain” are supplied in the translation as a clarification.
[46:11] 632 tn Or “as much as he wishes.” Heb “a gift of his hand.”
[46:11] 633 tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.
[46:11] 634 tn Heb “ephah.” The words “of grain” are supplied in the translation as a clarification.
[46:12] 635 tn Heb “he shall shut the gate after he goes out.”
[46:13] 636 tc A few Hebrew
[46:14] 637 tc Two medieval Hebrew
[46:14] 638 tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.
[46:16] 639 tn The Hebrew text has no preposition; the LXX reads “from” (see v. 17).
[46:17] 640 sn That is, the year of Jubilee (Lev 25:8-15).
[46:19] 641 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[46:21] 642 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[46:22] 643 tc The meaning of the Hebrew term is unclear. The LXX and Syriac render “small.”
[46:22] 644 tn Heb “forty cubits” (i.e., 21 meters).
[46:22] 645 tn Heb “thirty cubits” (i.e., 15.75 meters).
[47:1] 646 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[47:2] 647 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[47:3] 648 tn Heb “one thousand cubits” (i.e., 525 meters); this phrase occurs three times in the next two verses.
[47:7] 649 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[47:8] 650 tn Heb “the sea,” referring to the Dead Sea. This has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[47:8] 651 tn Heb “to the sea, those which are brought out.” The reading makes no sense. The text is best emended to read “filthy” (i.e., stagnant). See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:273.
[47:8] 652 tn Heb “the waters become healed.”
[47:9] 653 tn Heb “two rivers,” perhaps under the influence of Zech 14:8. The translation follows the LXX and other ancient versions in reading the singular, which is demanded by the context (see vv. 5-7, 9b, 12).
[47:9] 654 tn Heb “will be healed.”
[47:10] 655 sn The Great Sea refers to the Mediterranean Sea (also in vv. 15, 19, 20).
[47:12] 656 sn See Rev 22:1-2.
[47:13] 657 tc This translation follows the reading זֶה (zeh) instead of גֵּה (geh), a nonexistent word, as supported by the LXX.
[47:13] 658 tn Or “territory”; see D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:715.
[47:13] 659 tc The grammar is awkward, though the presence of these words is supported by the versions. L. C. Allen (Ezekiel [WBC], 2:274) suggests that it is an explanatory gloss.
[47:13] sn One portion for Ephraim, the other for Manasseh (Gen 48:17-20).
[47:14] 660 sn Gen 15:9-21.
[47:14] 661 tn Heb “will fall to you as an inheritance.”
[47:15] 662 sn The measurements resemble those in Num 34:1-2.
[47:19] 663 tn Or “valley.” The syntax is difficult. Some translate “to the river,” others “from the river”; in either case the preposition is supplied for the sake of English.
[47:22] 664 sn A similar attitude toward non-Israelites is found in Isa 56:3-8.
[48:2] 665 sn The tribes descended from Jacob’s maidservants are placed farthest from the sanctuary. See Gen 30.
[48:7] 666 sn The tribe from which the Davidic prince would come is given the most prestigious allotment (see Gen 49:8-12).
[48:8] 667 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[48:9] 668 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[48:9] 669 tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).
[48:10] 670 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[48:10] 671 tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).
[48:10] 672 tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).
[48:10] 673 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[48:11] 674 tn Heb “strayed off.”
[48:13] 675 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[48:13] 676 tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).
[48:13] 677 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[48:13] 678 tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).
[48:15] 680 tn Heb “five thousand cubits” (i.e., 2.625 kilometers).
[48:15] 681 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[48:16] 682 tn Heb “four thousand five hundred cubits” (i.e., 2.36 kilometers); the phrase occurs three more times in this verse.
[48:17] 683 tn Heb “two hundred fifty cubits” (i.e., 131.25 meters); the phrase occurs three more times in this verse.
[48:18] 684 tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers); the phrase occurs again later in this verse.
[48:20] 685 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[48:21] 686 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[48:21] 687 tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).
[48:28] 688 tn Traditionally “the Brook of Egypt,” although a number of recent translations have “the Wadi of Egypt” (cf. NAB, NIV, NRSV). The word “Egypt” is not in the Hebrew text, but is implied.
[48:30] 689 tn Heb “four thousand five hundred cubits” (i.e., 2.36 kilometers); the phrase occurs again in vv. 32-34.
[48:31] 690 sn See Rev 21:12-14.
[48:35] 691 tn Heb “eighteen thousand cubits” (i.e., 9.45 kilometers).
[48:35] 692 sn See Rev 21:12-21.
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